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Clinical Microscopy > CAST > Flashcards

CAST Flashcards

1
Q

Excretion of cast is termed as

A

Cylinduria

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2
Q

cast is primarily formed in

A

DCT & CD

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3
Q

Colorless and Translucent; SUBDUED LIGHT is required when using BF microscope

A

HYALINE CAST

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4
Q

Most fragile; Orange-red color, seen in Glomerulonephritis, Strenuous excercise

A

RBC cast

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5
Q

Muddy or Brown cast, contains hgb from lysed RBCs

A

Blood cast or Hemoglobin cast

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6
Q

how to differentiate RTE cast from WBC cast

A

Phase Microscopy and Supravital stain

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7
Q

seen in lOWER UTI clumped of leukocyte, should not be reported as cast

A

Pseudoleukocyte cast

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8
Q

Significant in Advanced tubular destruction and Tubular damage; use supravital stain

A

Epithelial (RTE) cast

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9
Q

granules derived from LYSOSOME of RTE cells, disintegrate when cast is retained in the tubule, SANDPAPER APPEARANCE

A

Granular (Course and Fine) cast

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10
Q

Significance of granular cast: ‘‘Py G S S’’

A

Pyelonephritis, Glomerulonephritis, Stress, Strenuous excercise

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11
Q

Brittle highly refractile w/ jagged ends, tend to look like paraffin shavings sitting o top of urine

A

Waxy cast

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12
Q

Indicates destruction widening of the tubular walls, 2-6x wider than ordinary cast

A

Broad cast

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13
Q

Crystals are reported as

A

Rare, few, Moderate or Many/ HPF

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14
Q

Abnormal crystals are reported as

A

Average No./ LPF

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15
Q

Factors that contribute to crystal formation: ‘’ P S T’’

A

pH
Solute conc.
Temperature

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16
Q

Normal Acid Crystals ‘‘C A U C H A M’’

A

Calcium oxalate
Amorphous Urates
Uric Acid
Calcium Sulfate
Hippuric Acid
Acid Urates
Monosodium Urates

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17
Q

Normal Alkaline Crystals: ‘‘M A T A C C’’

A

Magnesium Phosphate
Amorphous Phosphate
Triple Phosphate
Ammonium Biurate
Calcium Phosphate (Apatite)
Calcium Carbonate

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18
Q

Yellow Brown granules, Fluffy orange, Pink sediment
Turns into Ammnium biurate after adding Ammnonium hydroxide

A

Amorphous Urates

19
Q

Amorphous Urates is soluble in

A

Heat (60C) and Alkali

20
Q

Turn into URIC ACID after adding ACETIC ACID

A

Amorphous Urates
Acid Urates

21
Q

Rhombic (diamond) 4 sided FLAT PLATE (whetstone) LEMON SHAPED; Hexagonal forms mistaken as CYSTINE crys.

A

Uric Acid

22
Q

Uric acid is Increased in

A

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Chemotherapy
Gout

23
Q

The most frequently observed urinary crystals

A

CaOx

24
Q

Bipyramidal, Enveloped, Octahedron, Emerald cut ‘’ B E C O’’

A

Dihydrate (Weddellite)

25
Q

Oval, Dumbell

A

Monohydrate (Whewellite)

26
Q

Cigarette-butt, Soluble in Acetic acid

A

Calcium Sulfate

27
Q

Yellow brown, Colorless, elogated prism
Soluble in water and ether

A

Hippuric Acid

28
Q

brown spheres or clusters, resembles ammonium biurate, leucine & sulfamethoxazole crys.

A

Acid urates

29
Q

tiny slender, colorless needles, SPHERULITE or BEACHBALL, ‘‘PICK-UP STICKS’’ when cluster

A

Monosodium Urates

30
Q

Fine lacy white precipitate

A

Amorphous Phosphates

31
Q

Alkaline counterpart of uric acid and Amorphous urates, OLD SPX

A

Ammonium Biurate

32
Q

^ presence of UREA-SPLITTING bacteria

A

Ammnium biurate
Triple Phosphate

33
Q

FEATHERY appearance when they disintegrate

A

Triple Phosphate
(Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate, STRUVITE)

34
Q

End or corner may be NOTCHED, edges may be IRREGULAR or ERODED

A

Magnesium phosphate

35
Q

Colorless FLAT PLATES, THIN PRISM in rosette form, may resemble sulfonamide crystals

A

Dibasic Calcium Phosphate (stellar phosphate)

36
Q

small colorless, dumbell tetrads or spherical-shaped

A

Calcium Carbonate

37
Q

Colorless, refractile hexaginal plates often laminated, SIX SIDED STOP SIGN
Mistaken as hexaginal Uric acid crystlas

A

Cystine

38
Q

Uric acid is insoluble in

A

Dilute HCI

39
Q

Absence or weak Birefringence

A

Cystine

40
Q

Clumped granules or needles w/ bright yellow color; reddish brown needle

A

Bilirubin

41
Q

FAN-shaped needles, SHEAVES of WHEAT,arrowheads, PETALS, WHETSTONE; mistaken as calcium phosphate crystals

A

Sulfonamide

42
Q

Colorless needles that tend to form bundles following refrigeration

A

Ampicillin

43
Q

Mistaken for parasite Ova

A

Starch granules

Clinical Microscopy (10 decks)

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