Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards
Normal range of Urine volume
600 to 2000 mL
Average Urine volume in 24hrs
1200 to 1500 mL
Night Urine Output
<400 mL
Day : Night ratio
2-3 : 1
Container capacity for Urine Analysis
50 mL
Required urine volume for ROUTINE UA
10 TO 15 mL
Ave: 12 mL
Increased urine volume
>2,000 mL / 24 hrs
>2.5 L/day
2.5 -3.0 mL/kg/day in CHILDREN
Polyuria
Caused by Dehydration, Renal Dse, calculi and tumor
Oliguria
Complete CESSATION of urine flow, causes Complete OBSTRUCTION, Toxic agents, Dec. renal blood flow
Anuria
Excretion of more than 500 mL of urine at NIGHT; Pregnancy, Prostate enlargement
Nocturia
Increase in urine excretion, Polydipsia, Hormonal imbalance, drug ingestion, renal dysfunction
Diuresis
Rough indicator of the degree of hydration
Urine color
urine color determination, examine the spx under a good light source and
Look down through the container against white background
Recent fluid consumption
Colorless
Polyuria (DI, DM) dilute random spx
PALE Yellow
Normal
Yellow
Concentrated spx, Stenuous excercise, DEHYDRATION, fever, burns
FIRST MORNING Spx
Excessive Urobilin, BILIRUBIN, CAROTENE
DARK Yellow, AMBER
Bilirubin (yellow foam): Tea-colored Urine
Orange/ Orange-Yellow
Orange and viscous w/ YELLOW / ORANGE foam
Phenazopyridine (Pyridium)
Urobilin ( NO YELLOW FOAM)
Orange / Orange-Yellow
Bilirubin —oxidized–> Biliverdin
Yellow - Green
Pseudomonas infection, ASPARAGUS, B vitamins, PHENOL
Green
Chlorophyll, Clorets, PHENOL, INDICAN, (Familial hypercalcemia, Harnup disease)
Blue - Green
RBCs
Cloudy/ Smokey Red; HEMATURIA
Hemoglobin
Clear Red (pigment)
Myoglobin
CLEAR Red/ REDDISH - BROWN/ COLA-colored/ TEA-colored
Rifampin TB Drug: most body fluids are RED
Fuchsin: aniline dye from FOOD and CANDY
Beets: Alkaline urine
Black Berries: Acid urine
Menstrual contam
Pink/ Red
Porphyrin
BURGUNDY/ Purplish- Red/ Portwine
Methemoglobin: Acidic urine
Homogentisic Acid: Alkaptonuria
Melanin: upon air exposure
COLA-colored: FAVA BEANS, RHUBARB, ALOE
Brown
Black
Pyuria/ Leukocyturia/ Increased WBCs
Milky
Pyuria/ Leukocyturia/ Increased WBCs
Milky