Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Chemistry LEC > Renal Function > Flashcards

Renal Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
APยฎ Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Size of kidney

A

10-12cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Location of kidney

A

Between T12-L3

12th thoracic vertebrae
3rd lumbar vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Renal medulla is ___ Shaped

A

heart shaped

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Functional unit of kidneys

A

nephrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

filter the substance needed to be filtered

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

___ Made up of tuft of capillaries and covered by the ___

A

Glomerulus, Bowmanโ€™s capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Site of filtration of the substances

A

Glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Kidney functions

A
  1. Urine formation
  2. Fluid and electrolyte balance
  3. Regulation of acid-base balance
  4. Exretion of the waste products of protein metabolism
  5. Exrection of drugs and toxins
  6. Secretion of hormones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hormone reponsible for production of RBC

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discreased vit D means

A

rickets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Process of the substances from the glomerulus to the bownmanโ€™s space to the urine

A

Glomerular filtration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Reabsorbs from the tubules to the capillaries back to the blood

A

Tubular Absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Molecular cutoff value of about

A

66,000 Da or 66kDa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The basement membrane is ___-charged

A

Negatively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The renal blood flow is ___mL/min

A

1,200 - 1,500 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glumerular filtrate is ___ mL/min

A

130 - 150 mL/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

CAN pass through the glomerulus:

A

โ— Water
โ— Electrolytes
โ— Glucose
โ— Amino acids
โ— Urea
โ— Creatinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

CANNOT pass through the glomerulus:

A

โ— Plasma proteins
โ—‹ Albumin, hemoglobin
โ— Cellular elements
โ—‹ RBC, WBC, PLT
โ— Protein-bound molecules (lipids, bilirubin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

uses energy, transport mechanisms, carriers,
proteins to transport the substance from the
tubules back to the capillaries

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

uses energy, transport mechanisms, carriers,
proteins to transport the substance from the
tubules back to the capillaries

A

Active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Freely flowing

A

Passive transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Sodium is reabsorbed but controlled by
aldosterone

A

Distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ADH controlled H20 reabsorption

A

Collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

โ—‹ Excess of aldosterone
โ—‹ If there will be excess of aldosterone, sodium
will be reabsorbed.

โ–  Sodium in urine = decreased
โ–  Sodium in blood = increased

A

Conn Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

โ—‹ Deficiency of aldosterone
โ—‹ Sodium will not be reabsorbed
โ–  Sodium in urine = increased
โ–  Sodium in blood = decreased

A

Addisonโ€™s Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

โ—‹ Excess in ADH
โ—‹ Water will be reabsorbed from the tubule to the
blood
โ—‹ Water in the urine will be decreased
โ—‹ Urine will be more concentrated
โ—‹ Water in the blood will increase

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

โ—‹ Decrease in ADH
โ—‹ Water will be freely flowing and will not be
reabsorbed
โ—‹ Water in the urine will increase
โ–  Urine will be more dilute
โ—‹ Water in blood will decrease

A

Diabetes Insipidus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Movement of the substances from the peritubular
capillary plasma to the tubular lumen

A

Tubular Secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

RENAL FUNCTION TESTS

A
  1. Glomerular Filtration Tests
  2. Tubular Reabsorption Tests
  3. Tubular Secretion Tests
  4. Renal Blood Flow Tests
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Standard test used to measure the filtering capacity of
the glomeruli

A

Clearance test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Measures the rate at which the kidneys are able to
remove a filterable substance from the blood

A

Clearance test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Substances that can be filtered by the glomerulus:

A

โ—‹ Urea clearance test
โ—‹ Creatinine clearance test
โ—‹ Inulin clearance
โ—‹ Cystatin C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Often the first function to be affected in renal disease

A

Tubular Reabsorption Tests

34
Q

Tests to determine the ability of the tubules to reabsorb
the essential salts and water that have been
non-selectively filtered by the glomerulus

A

Tubular Reabsorption Tests

35
Q

measures the amount of
solute-free water excreted in the kidney

A

Free water clearance

36
Q

24 hours fluid deprivation

A

Fishberg Test

37
Q

Day vs Night concentration
function

A

Mosential Test

38
Q

Sodium, chloride, & water will be filtered by the
glomerulus but the body needs these, so the tubules will
reabsorbed those substances

A

Tubular Reabsorption Tests

39
Q

โžข non toxic substance
โžข not present on the body so it is being
taken orally
โžข loosely bound to plasma protein

A

PAH (p-aminohippuric) test

40
Q

measure the amount of acid present
in the solution

A

Titratable acidity

41
Q

total acidity - titratable acidity
(hydrogen ion present) =
concentration of ammonia

A

Urinary Ammonia

42
Q

NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

A

โ— Urea
โ— Uric acid
โ— Creatinine
โ— Ammonia

43
Q

NPN with the highest concentration in the blood

A

urea

44
Q

Major excretory product of protein metabolism
โ—‹ When the proteins in the body are
metabolized or broken down, it becomes urea

A

Urea

45
Q

Obsolete term because we have to measure
urea as a whole not just
the nitrogen in the urea

A

BUN โ†’ Blood Urea Nitrogen

46
Q

BUN x 2.14

A

Urea

47
Q

Has 2 amino groups and 1 carboxyl
group

A

urea

48
Q

Urea is formed in the liver from __ and __ (from
the deamination of proteins)

A

CO2, ammonia

49
Q

elevation of urea in the blood

A

Azotemia

50
Q

Elevation of urea with renal failure

A

Uremia

51
Q

Causes of azotemia in the blood

Before the kidney

A

Prerenal

52
Q

Causes of azotemia in the blood

Kidney

A

Renal

53
Q

Causes of azotemia in the blood

After Kidney

A

Postrenal

54
Q

CAUSES OF ABNORMAL PLASMA UREA
CONCENTRATION

Increased concentration
Prerenal (Reduced renal blood flow)

A

Congestive heart failure- Heart no longer
pumps blood efficiently kaya nagiging
congested with blood. If there is
congestion, there is improper functioning sa
pag pump ng heart. No proper renal blood
flow. Accumulation of urea concentration in
the body

Shock, hemorrhage
hemorrhage- bleeding
shock- not enough blood flow; life
threatening condition

Dehydration- lack of fluid, no waste
product is excreted

Increased protein catabolism

High-protein diet

55
Q

CAUSES OF ABNORMAL PLASMA UREA
CONCENTRATION

Renal(decreased
renal function)

A

Acute and chronic renal failure

Renal disease, including glomerular
nephritis and tubular necrosis

  • Nephritis- inflammation in your glomerulus.
    no proper filtration of urea
  • Necrosis- death in body tissue. Tubules
    cannot reabsorb properly
56
Q

CAUSES OF ABNORMAL PLASMA UREA
CONCENTRATION

Postrenal

A

Urinary tract obstruction

57
Q

CAUSES OF ABNORMAL PLASMA UREA
CONCENTRATION

Decreased concentration

A

Low protein intake- Low urea concentration

Severe vomiting and diarrhea

Liver disease

Pregnancy- Hormonal changes. Plasma urea concentration will
be decreased during pregnancy

58
Q

Normal BUN / Creatinine ratio is __

A

10:1 to 20:1

59
Q

increased BUN / Creat ratio ๐ผ๐‘›๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘‘ ๐ต๐‘ˆ๐‘
๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐ถ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ก
โ—‹ BUN is more susceptible to non-renal factors

A

Pre-renal

60
Q

โ—‹ increased ratio BUN / Creat ratio ๐ผ๐‘›๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘‘ ๐ต๐‘ˆ๐‘
๐ผ๐‘›๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘‘ ๐ถ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ก
โ—‹ Both BUN and Creat are elevated
โ—‹ We are looking at excretion

A

Post-renal

61
Q

โ—‹ Decreased BUN / Creat ratio ๐ท๐‘’๐‘๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ ๐‘’๐‘‘ ๐ต๐‘ˆ๐‘
๐‘๐‘œ๐‘Ÿ๐‘š๐‘Ž๐‘™ ๐ถ๐‘Ÿ๐‘’๐‘Ž๐‘ก
โ—‹ Low dietary protein or severe liver disease
โ—‹ Disclaimer: Could either be increased or
decreased
โ–  Depends on what specific renal
disease

A

Renal

62
Q

Formed from creatine and creatine phosphate in the
muscle

A

Creatinine

63
Q

Released to the plasma in proportion to muscle mass
โ—‹ The greater the muscle mass, the higher the
creatinine and serum in urine
โ—‹ Iba ang reference range ng males and females
โ—‹ Could also be affected by age and race

A

Creatinine

64
Q

Directly proportional to kidney function

A

Creatinine

65
Q

Creatine is synthesized by

A

Arginine, glycine, methionine

66
Q

These 3 will undergo transamination forming

A

guanidinoacetic acid

67
Q

The enzyme that will catalyze this reaction will be your __

A

L-Arginine:glycine amidinotransferase
(AGAT)

68
Q

Guanidinoacetic acid will undergo methylation with the
substance ___ forming creatine

A

S-adenosylmethionine

69
Q

Creatine with the help of the enzyme creatine kinase will form __ aka creatine phosphate.

A

phosphocreatine

70
Q

Creatinine is a byproduct of both

A

creatine and
phosphocreatine

71
Q

Creatine clearance forumla

A

(UV/P)(1.73/A)

72
Q

Average body surface sa isa ka tao

A

1.73

73
Q

V/1440 x U/P x 1.73/A

A

V/1440 x U/P x 1.73/A

74
Q

Product of the catabolism of purine nucleic acids

A

uric acide

75
Q

Guanine and Adenosine

A

Purine

76
Q

Purine

A

Guanine and Adenosine

77
Q

Relatively insoluble in plasma and, in high
concentrations, can be deposited in the joints and tissue
causing pain and inflammation

A

Gouty Arthritis

78
Q

98-100% of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed in the

A

Proximal Convoluted

79
Q

Most uric acid in the plasma is in the form of __

A

Monosodium urate

80
Q

At concentrations , the plasma is saturated
forming urate crystals

A

> 6.8 mg/dL

Clinical Chemistry LEC (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions