Lipids Flashcards
Collection of organic molecules of varying chemical composition
Lipids
4 Main Groups of Lipids
→ Fatty Acids (Saturated & Unsaturated)
→ Glycerides (Glycerol-containing Lipids)
→ Nonglyceride Lipids (Sphingolipids, Steroids, Wax)
→ Complex Lipids (Lipoproteins)
Energy Source → Oxidation = 1 gram of fat = ???
9 kcal of energy
More than ___ the energy released by oxidation of 1 gram of ___
twice, carbohydrate
Energy Storage
Triglycerides in adipocytes
storage form of CHOs are ___
glycogen
Basic structure of all cell membranes
Phosphoglycerides, Sphingolipids, Steroids
phospholipid bilayer
Basic structure of all cell membranes
Steroid Hormones
Hormones
Vitamins
Lipid-soluble vitamins (A,D,E, and K)
Vitamin Absorption
Dietary fat
Dietary fat
carrier of lipid-soluble vitamin
Protection
Fats as shock absorber
Insulation
Subcutaneous fat
Long-chain monocarboxylic acids (COOH)
Fatty Acids
Fatty acids are long-chain ___
monocarboxylic acids
Fatty acids generally contain an ___
even number of C atoms
Polar End
Hydrophilic End (OH)
Non-Polar End
Hydrophobic End
Hydrophobic End
fat-soluble tail (R) = hydrocarbon chain
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS:
Short-Chain Fatty Acids → Less than 6 C
Medium-Chain Fatty Acids → 6-10 C = includes 11
Long-Chain Fatty Acids → More than 12 C
Each C being ‘‘saturated’’ w/ H
Saturated Fatty Acids
No double bonds
Saturated Fatty Acids
General Formula of Saturated fatty acids
CH3(CH2)nCOOH
Composed of at least 1 C-C double bond
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Almost are in the cis configuration
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Unsaturated FAs are composed of at least ___
1 C-C double bond
Unsaturated FAs almost are in the ___
cis configuration
Composed of 1 C-C double bond
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA)
MuFasare composed of __
1 C-C double bond
Composed of more than 1 C-C double bond
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)
PuFas are composed of ___
more than 1 C-C double bond
Identifies the position of the double bond nearest the methyl end (CH3)
of the carbon chain
Omega Number
Omega Number Identifies the position of the double bond nearest the ___
of the carbon chain
methyl end (CH3)
1st double bond 3 carbons away from the methyl end
Omega 3 FA
6 carbons from methyl end
Omega 6 FA
CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF HYDROGEN - Only applicable to ___
Unsaturated FAs
H’s on same side of the double bond
cis-Fatty Acid
Fold into a U-like formation
cis-Fatty Acid
Neighboring Hs repel e/o = bending of C chain
cis-Fatty Acid
Naturally occurring
cis-Fatty Acid
H’s on the opposite side of the DB
trans-Fatty Acid
Straight line = Hs are far apart from o/a
trans-Fatty Acid
Occur in partially hydrogenated food
trans-Fatty Acid
Fatty Acids w/ Double bond before C9
Essential Fatty Acids
Linoleic Acid
Essential Fatty Acids
Fatty acids w/o double bond bfore C9
Nonessential Fatty Acids
Body can’t form C=C DB before C9
Nonessential Fatty Acids
Forms C=C DB after C9
Nonessential Fatty Acids
Oleic Acid
Nonessential Fatty Acids