Renal diseases

Question 1

The presence of renal tubular epithelial cells and casts is an indication of

Answer 1

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 2

Differentiation between cystitis and pyelonephritis is aided by the presence of.

Answer 2

WBC casts

Question 3

The presence of WBCs and WBC casts with no bacteria is indicative of.

Answer 3

Acute interstitial nephritis

Question 4

These type of cast is formed from the byproducts of protein metabolism which appear colorless to shades of yellow in brightfield microscopy

Answer 4

Granular casts

Question 5

The following conditions often present with proteinuria, except
A. Cystitis
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C.Chronic pyelonephritis
D. Chronic glomerulonephritis
E. None of the above

Answer 5

A. Cystitis

Question 6

A condition in which there is disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of protein and lipids

Answer 6

Nephrotic syndrome

Question 7

A 26 year old female presented with hypogastric pain, burning sensation upon urination and blood in urine. Which of the following microscopy findings will be true for this patient?

Answer 7

Presence of numerous leukocytes and bacteria

Question 8

Presence of this type of urinary cast is an indication of extreme urine stasis

Answer 8

Waxy cast

Question 9

“Smoky” turbidity in gross examination of urine is often seen with what condition?

Answer 9

Acute glomerulonephritis

Question 10

Which structures exhibit as Maltese cross under polarized light?

Answer 10

Cholesterol droplets

Question 11

This type of cast appear more homogenous in appearance as there are no distinct RBCs in their matrix

Answer 11

Muddy brown cast

Question 12

Increase number of hyaline casts are seen in the following conditions, except:

A. Exercise
B. Dehydration
C. Congestive heart failure
D. Extreme cold exposure
E Fever

Answer 12

D. Extreme cold exposure

Question 13

Which part of the kidney is Tamm-Horsfall protein secreted?

Answer 13

Thick ascending loop of Henle

Question 14

This condition is frequently seen in children which is a recurrent infection of the renal tubules caused by structural abnormalities

Answer 14

Chronic pyelonephritis

Question 15

Renal tubular epithelial cell casts are seen in the following conditions, except:
A. Acute tubular necrosis
B. Ethylene glycol poisoning
C. Cytomegalovirus infection
D. Acute allograft rejection
E None of the above

Answer 15

B. Ethylene glycol poisoning

Question 16

Nonpathologic condition associated with the presence of RBC cast in urine microscopy

Answer 16

Strenuous contact sports

Question 17

What are the urine microscopy findings associated with CMV infection?
A. Syncytial giant cells
B. Basophilic intranuclear inclusions
C. Cytoplasmic bodies
D. Both A and B are correct
E. Both B and C are correct

Answer 17

E. Both B and C are correct

Question 18

Massive proteinuria in nephrotic syndrome is excretion of protein in urine to a value:

Answer 18

Greater than 3.5 grams per day