renal disease - nephrotic syndromes Flashcards
define nephrotic syndrome
increased glomerular permeability leading to massive loss of protein in urine
key distinguishing tests for nephrotic syndrome
- massive protein uria >3.5 g/dL
- low levels of serum albumin and consequent edema
- high levels of serum lipids (to make up for low albumin)
urinalysis findings of nephrotic syndrome
- marked proteinuria
- Oval fat bodies/fat droplets
- epithelial cases, fatty casts and waxy casts
describe minimal change disease
- lipid nephrosis with little cellular change
- some proteins pass through but not as many as nephrotic
- typically in children
- UA: fat droplets, edema, protienuria
describe focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
- form of glomerulonephritis affecting only certain glomeruli
- immune deposits of IgM and C3 scar and impair capillary function
describe alport syndrome
- inherited disorder affecting glomerular basement membrane
- thinning WITH NO ANTIBODIES
- a subset of nephrotic syndrome
describe laminates
layers of cells attemping to prevent thinning of glomerular basement membrane
forms increasing layers of cells that blocks glomeruli
- related to alport syndrome
describe diabetic nephropathy
most common cause of end-stage renal disease
- glycosylated proteins deposit on capillary tufts triggering crosslink accumulation
- proliferation of mesangial cells and vascular sclerosis
list the 2 causes of acute tubular necrosis
- ischemia - decreased blood flow and lack of oxygen
- toxic substances
describe generally acute tubular necrosis
damage to RTE cells causing decreased reabsorbtion and leackage
list UA findings of acute tubular necrosis
- mild proteinuria
- RTE cells
- RTE casts
- other casts
list substances effected by fanconis syndrome
- glucose
- amino acids
- phosphorus, sodium, postassium, bicarb and water
