renal disease - interstitial

Question 1

define interstitial disorders

Answer 1

disorders affecting the interstitium also effecting tubules
- most common = cystitis

Question 2

describe acute pyelonephritis

Answer 2

• infection of upper urinary tract
• acute = bacteria ascending upwards from lower UTI w/ rapid onset of symptoms

Question 3

list findings of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 3

WBC casts: infecction in tubules
- bacteria
- WBC
- proteinuria (mild)
- bacteria ascending upwards

Question 4

how is upper and lower UTI differentiated

Answer 4

WBC casts

Question 5

describe chronic pyelonephritis

Answer 5

• congenital urinary structural defects leading to inability to empty ducts
• permanent damage to tubules
• diagnoses in childrem

Question 6

describe chronic pyelonephritis findings

Answer 6

• WBC casts
• granular/waxy/broad casts

Question 7

describe acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 7

• NO BACTERIA YES EOSINOPHILS
• inflammation of renal interstitium or tubules
• related to allergic reactions to medications

Question 8

describe renal failure

Answer 8

• acute or chronic
• marked decreases in GFR <25 mL/min
• incscrease BUN and creatinine
• electrolyte imbalance

Question 9

name difference between acute and chronic renal failure

Answer 9

acute = sudden loss of function and reversible
- chronic = long term not fixable

Question 10

list primary causes of acute renal failure

Answer 10

• pre renal: sudden decrease in blood flow
• renal: acute glomerular or tubular disease
• post renal: renal calculi or tumor obstructions

Question 11

list differential findings in acute renal failure

Answer 11

• RTE cells & casts: acute tubular necrosis
• WBC casts: interstitial infection of inflammation
• abnormal cells: malignancy

Question 12

overview of kidney stones

Answer 12

• also called renal lithiasis
• form from favorable pH, chemical concentration and urinary stasis
• chemical comp determines management