Renal Disease Flashcards
1
Q
What do the kidney control?
A
- Blood pressure
- Blood Volume
- Electrolytes
- Acid/Base balance
- Calcium
- Excretion of toxins
- Erythropoietin
- Vitamin D
2
Q
What is the structure of a nephron?
A
- Renal Artery
- Afferent arteriole
- Glomerular capillaries in bowman’s capsule
- Efferent arteriole
- Proximal convoluted tubule
- Descending limb of Henle’s Loop
- Thin ascending limb of Henle’s Loop
- Thick ascending limb of Henle’s loop
- Distal convoluted tubule
- Collecting duct
3
Q
How do you assess intravascular volume?
A
- HR
- BP
- CVP (central venous pressure e.g. cannula to directly measure pressure as a marker of filling)
- Capillary refill time
4
Q
How do you assess interstitial fluid?
A
- Peripheral Oedema (Leg)
(e. g. pitting oedema fluid in interstitial spaces) - Pulmonary Oedema
- Ascites (accumulation of ascitic fluid in the abdomen)
- Skin Turgor (loses elasticity)
5
Q
How do you assess renal function?
A
- Serum Creatinine
- eGFR
- Urinary Creatinine clearance
6
Q
What do you measure in urine strip-testing?
A
- Protein
- Blood
- Glucose
- pH
- nitrite
- Leukocytes
7
Q
Fluid Compartments:
A
2/3 body weight is water
of that body water
2/3 is ICF and 1/3 ECF
of the ECF 1/3 (Plasma+lymph in blood vessels)
and 2/3 is in interstitial fluid
8
Q
ECG in Hyperkalaemia case
A
- session of haemodialysis
- serum potassium low
- K+ supplementation
- tented T waves
- wide QRS
- asystole rhythm
- VT ventricular fibrillation
- after dialysis normal
9
Q
Typical metabolic acidosis
A
reduced pH - acidosis
-abnormal bicarbonate <22 below normal range
