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CLINICAL MICROSCOPY > Renal Disease > Flashcards

Renal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Deposition of immune complexes, formed in conjunction with group A Streptococcus infection, on the glomerular membrane

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)) on the glomerular membrane

A

Rapidly Progressive (Crescentic) Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

Attachment of a cytotoxic autoantibody (antiglomerular basement membrane antibody) formed during viral respiratory infections to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture Syndrome

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4
Q

Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA) binds to neutrophils in vascular walls resulting to granuloma formation and damage to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener Granulomatosis

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5
Q

Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; a decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura

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6
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorders

A

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

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7
Q

Increased cellularity in the subendothelial cells of the mesangium (interstitial area of Bowman’s capsule), causing thickening of the capillary walls

A

Type 1 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

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8
Q

Extremely dense deposits in the glomerular basement membrane

A

Type 2 Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

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9
Q

Marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

A

Chronic Glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum IgA

A

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)

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11
Q

Most common cause of glomerulonephritis

A

Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (Berger’s Disease)

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11
Q

Disruption of the shield of negativity and damage to the tightly fitting podocyte barrier resulting in massive loss of high-molecular-weight proteins and lipids and negatively charged albumin into the urine

A

Nephrotic Syndrome

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12
Q

Damage to the podocytes and the shield of negativity, allowing for increased protein filtration

Allergic reactions, recent immunization, and possession of the human leukocyte antigen-B12 (HLA-B12) antigen have been associated with this disease

A

Minimal Change Disease

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13
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli (other areas remain normal) associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and AIDS

A

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)

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14
Q

Inherited disorder of collagen production resulting to lamellated and thinning glomerular basement membrane

A

Alport Syndrome

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15
Q

Most common cause of ESRD

A

Diabetic Nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)

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16
Q

Deposition of glycosylated proteins on the glomerular basement membranes caused by poorly controlled blood glucose levels

A

Diabetic Nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)

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17
Q

The vascular structure of the glomerulus also develops sclerosis

A

Diabetic Nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease)

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18
Q

Damage to renal tubular cells caused by ischemia (shock, anaphylaxis) or nephrotoxic agents

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

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19
Q

Primary disorder associated with damage to the renal tubule

A

Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)

20
Q

Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease or acquired through exposure to toxic agents

A

Fanconi Syndrome

21
Q

Most frequently associated with tubular dysfunction

A

Fanconi Syndrome

21
Q

Inherited defect in the production of normal uromodulin by the renal tubules

A

Uromodulin-Associated Kidney Disease

21
Q

Only protein produced by kidney; primary protein found in normal urine

A

Uromodulin

22
Q

Defective action of ADH either by the inability of the renal tubules to respond to ADH

A

Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

23
Q

Inherited disorder that affects only the reabsorption of glucose from glomerular filtrate

A

Renal Glucosuria

24
Q

Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder

A

Cystitis (Lower UTI)

25
Q

Infection of the renal tubules and interstitium related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder (vesicoureteral reflux), and untreated cystitis

A

Acute Pyelonephritis (Upper UTI)

26
Q

Occurs as a result of ascending movement of bacteria from a lower UTI into the renal tubules and interstitium

A

Acute Pyelonephritis (Upper UTI)

27
Q

Structural abnormalities may cause reflux between the bladder and ureters or within the renal pelvis, affecting emptying of the collecting ducts and urine flow

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

28
Q

Serious disorder that can result in permanent damage to the renal tubules and possible progression to chronic renal failure

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

29
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitium in response to certain medications

A

Acute Interstitial Nephritis (AIN)

30
Q

Characterized clinically by a sudden decrease in the GFR, oliguria, edema, and azotemia

A

Acute renal failure (ARF)

31
Q

Acute renal failure (ARF) is irreversible. True or False?

A

False; reversible

32
Q

The most common cause of ARF

A

Ischemic acute tubular necrosis

33
Q

Primary causes of ARF

A

Sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidney (prerenal), acute glomerular and tubular disease (renal), and renal calculi or tumor obstructions (postrenal)

34
Q

Progressive loss of renal function caused by an irreversible and intrinsic renal disease

A

Chronic renal failure (CRF)

35
Q

Origin of renal calculi (kidney stones)

A

Calyces and pelvis of the kidney, ureters, and bladder

36
Q

Large calculi is easily passed in urine. True or False?

A

False; cannot be passed in urine

37
Q

Conditions favoring the formation of renal calculi

A

pH
Chemical concentration
Urinary stasis

38
Q

Renal calculi frequently associated with metabolic calcium and phosphate disorders

A

Calcium calculi

39
Q

Approximately 75% of the renal calculi are composed of

A

Calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate

40
Q

Renal calculi frequently accompanied by urinary infections involving urea-splitting bacteria

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate calculi

41
Q

Renal calculi associated with increased intake of foods with high purine content and with uromodulin-associated kidney disease

A

Uric acid calculi

42
Q

Renal calculi seen in conjunction with hereditary disorders of cystine metabolism

A

Cystine calculi

43
Q

A procedure using high-energy shock waves to break stones located in the upper urinary tract

A

Lithotripsy

44
Q

A procedure that provides a more comprehensive analysis of renal calculi

A

X-ray crystallography

45
Q

Primary urinalysis finding in patients with renal calculi

A

Microscopic hematuria

CLINICAL MICROSCOPY (20 decks)

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