Microscopic Examination of Urine - Introduction

Question 1

Microscopic examination must include

Answer 1

Both identification and quantitation

Question 1

Purpose of microscopic urine examination

Answer 1

To detect and to identify insoluble materials

Question 2

Microscopic analysis is subject to several procedural variations, including

Answer 2

Methods of sediment preparation
Volume of sediment examined
Methods and equipment used
Manner reporting results

Question 3

First procedure to standardize the quantitation of formed elements

Answer 3

Addis Count

Question 4

Specimen for microscopic examination

Answer 4

12-hour specimen

Question 5

Normal Addis count value for RBC

Answer 5

0-500,000 cells /µL

Question 6

Normal Addis count value for WBC and epithelial cells

Answer 6

0-1,800,000 cells /µL

Question 7

Normal Addis count value for hyaline cast

Answer 7

0-5000 cells/µL

Question 8

Specimen for microscopic examination must be

Answer 8

Fresh or preserved

Question 9

A standard amount of urine to be centrifuged

Answer 9

Usually between 10-15 mL; 12-mL volume is frequently used

Question 10

Ideal speed and time of centrifugation

Answer 10

5 minutes at RCF of 400

Question 11

Amount of post-centrifuged specimen

Answer 11

0.5-1.0 mL

Question 12

How to maintain a uniform sediment concentration factor?

Answer 12

Urine should be aspirated off rather than poured off

Question 13

How to provide equal distribution of elements in the microscopic examination fields?

Answer 13

Thorough resuspension is essential

Question 14

Volume of sediment to be examined

Answer 14

20 µL/0.02 mL

Question 15

Commercial system designed such that after centrifugation, it can be decanted with a quick smooth motion and consistently retains 0.4 mL of urine for sediment resuspension

Answer 15

UriSystem

Question 16

Commercial system that uses a specially designed pipette that snuggly fits the diameter and shape of the tube to retain 1 mL of urine during decanting

Answer 16

KOVA System

Question 17

Commercial system that offers several options to retain 0.8 mL for sediment resuspension

Answer 17

Count-10 System

Question 18

Commercial system that provides a specially designed tube that permits direct reading of the urine sediment

Answer 18

Cen-Slide 2000 Urinalysis System

Question 19

Commercial system consists of a glass flow cell into which urine sediment is pumped, microscopically examined, and then flushed from the system

Answer 19

R/S Workstations

Question 20

How to observe urinary sediments?

Answer 20

Observation of a minimum of 10 fields under both low (10X) and high (40X) power

Question 21

Location for casts detection

Answer 21

Edge of the slide

Question 22

Objective used to detect casts and ascertain general composition of sediment

Answer 22

Low power

Question 23

Objective used in identification of casts and sediments

Answer 23

High power

Question 24

Sediments must be examined under

Answer 24

Reduced light when using bright-field microscopy

Question 25

It used to correct the plane

Answer 25

Initial focusing

Question 26

Function of staining

Answer 26

Increases the overall visibility of sediment by changing their refractive index

Question 27

Most frequently used stain in urinalysis

Answer 27

Sternheimer-Malbin stain

Question 28

Sternheimer-Malbin stain contains

Answer 28

Crystal violet and safranin O

Question 29

Action of Sternheimer-Malbin

Answer 29

Delineates structure and contrasting colors of the nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 30

Function of Sternheimer-Malbin

Answer 30

Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts

Question 31

Stains eosinophilic granules

Answer 31

Hansel stain

Question 32

Stains structures containing iron

Answer 32

Prussian blue stain

Question 33

Play an important role in the early detection of renal allograft rejection and in the differential diagnosis of renal disease

Answer 33

Cytodiagnostic urinalysis