Microscopic Examination of Urine - Microscopy Flashcards
Most frequently used microscopy technique in the clinical laboratory
Bright field microscopy
Appearance of specimen when using bright-field microscope
Dark against a light background
The oldest and most common type of illumination system used on microscopes
Bright field microscopy
Type of microscopy in which variations in the specimen’s refractive index are converted into variations in light intensity or contrast
Phase contrast microscopy
Forms around the specimen when using phase contrast microscope
Halo formation
Microscopy technique that aids in identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and crystals
Polarizing microscopy
Substance that rotates the plane in a clockwise direction has
Positive birefringence
Substance that rotates the plane in a counterclockwise direction has
Negative birefringence
Microscopy technique that aids in identification of spirochetes such as Treponema pallidum
Dark field microscopy
Appearance of specimen when using dark field microscope
Light against the black background
Microscopy technique that produces a three-dimensional microscopy-image and layer-by-layer imaging of a specimen
Interference contrast microscopy
Microscopy technique in which the difference in optical light paths through the specimen is converted into intensity differences in the specimen image
Interference contrast microscopy
Two types of interference-contrast microscopy
Modulation contrast (Hoffman)
Differential-interference contrast (Nomarski)
Microscopy technique that allows visualization of naturally fluorescent microorganisms or those stained by a fluorescent dye
Fluorescence microscopy
Lens system of a microscope
- Oculars
- Objectives
- Adjustment knobs
Illumination system of a microscope
- Light source
- Condenser
- Stage field
- Iris diaphragms
Body of a microscope
- Base
- Body tube
- Nose piece
Initial/Primary magnification of sample occurs in
Objectives
Final /Second magnification of sample occurs in
Eyepiece
Microscope component that regulates the angle of light presented to the specimen
Aperture diaphragm
The ability of a substance to refract light in two directions
Birefringent/ doubly refractile
Unequal refraction of light rays by a lens that occurs because the different wavelengths of light refract or bend at different angles
Chromatic aberration
Microscope component that gathers and focuses the illumination light onto the specimen for viewing
Condenser
The microscope lens or system of lenses located closest to the viewer’s eye
Eyepiece
Microscope component that controls/regulates the diameter of light beams that strike the specimen and hence reduces stray light
Field diaphragm
The circular field observed through a microscope
Field of view
Type of microscopic illumination in which a lamp condenser focuses the image of the light source onto the front focal plane of the substage condenser
Köhler illumination
Microscope component that holds the microscope slide with the specimen for viewing
Mechanical stage
The lens or system of lenses located closest to the specimen
Objectives
Term describing objective lenses that retain the same field of view when the user switches from one objective to another of a differing magnification
Parcenter
Term describing objective lenses that remain in focus when the user switches from one objective to another of a differing magnification
Parfocal
Ability of a lens to distinguish two points or objects as separate
Resolution
A technique used to produce permanent microscope slides of urine sediment and body fluids
Cytocentrifugation
Process of enlarging or magnifying an object’s size without affecting its actual or physical size
Magnification
Magnification of scanner objective
4X
Magnification of low power objective
10X
Magnification of high power objective
40X
Magnification of oil immersion field
100X
Magnification of eyepiece
10X
Total magnification of scanner objective
40X
Total magnification of low power objective
100X
Total magnification of high power objective
400X
Total magnification of oil immersion objective
1000X
