Renal cysts Flashcards

1
Q

What are renal cysts?

A

fluid filled sacs found in the kidney which can be simple or complex

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2
Q

What are simple renal cysts?

A

well defined outline with homogeneous features

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3
Q

Who are simple renal cysts common in?

A

50% in those over 50 years

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4
Q

What do simple renal cysts develop from?

A

renal tubule epithelium due to previous ischaemia

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5
Q

What are complex renal cysts?

A

thick walled, separations, calcification or heterogeneous enhancement on imaging

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6
Q

How are complex renal cysts classified?

A

Bosniak classification

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7
Q

What are complex cysts at risk of?

A

Becoming malignant

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8
Q

What are the risk factors for renal cysts?

A

increasing age, smoking, hypertension, male, genetic conditions

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9
Q

What genetic conditions increase risk of renal cysts?

A

PKD, tuberous sclerosis and von hippie-lindau disease

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10
Q

What mutation is present in APKD?

A

PKD1 or 2

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11
Q

What may form in someone with APKD?

A

Berry aneurysm leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage, mitral valve disease, liver cysts

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12
Q

What are the clinical features of renal cysts?

A

usually found incidentally on imagine but may get flank pain if rupture or infected or haematuria

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13
Q

How do people with PKD present?

A

uncontrolled hypertension and maybe a flank mass

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14
Q

How do you diagnose renal cysts?

A

CT or MRI with pre and post enhancement scans with IV contrast, ultrasound may pick it up but will need further imaging

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15
Q

What blood test should be checked in renal cysts?

A

U and E to make sure it is not impacting the patients renal function

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16
Q

When should CT be done and when should MRI be done with renal cysts?

A

I-IIF= CT

IIF-IV- MRI

17
Q

What are the different stages of the Bosniak stage?

A

I-IV and goes from simple=I all the others are complex and more likely to be malignant

18
Q

What is the management of renal cysts?

A

if asymptomatic they need no treatment or follow up, is symptomatic and simple then analgesia or maybe needle aspiration or cysts deroofing may be needed, if complex then surveillance or surgical intervention e.g. nephrectomy

19
Q

What are the complications of renal cysts?

A

infection, haemorrhage and rupture