Renal cysts Flashcards
What are renal cysts?
fluid filled sacs found in the kidney which can be simple or complex
What are simple renal cysts?
well defined outline with homogeneous features
Who are simple renal cysts common in?
50% in those over 50 years
What do simple renal cysts develop from?
renal tubule epithelium due to previous ischaemia
What are complex renal cysts?
thick walled, separations, calcification or heterogeneous enhancement on imaging
How are complex renal cysts classified?
Bosniak classification
What are complex cysts at risk of?
Becoming malignant
What are the risk factors for renal cysts?
increasing age, smoking, hypertension, male, genetic conditions
What genetic conditions increase risk of renal cysts?
PKD, tuberous sclerosis and von hippie-lindau disease
What mutation is present in APKD?
PKD1 or 2
What may form in someone with APKD?
Berry aneurysm leading to subarachnoid haemorrhage, mitral valve disease, liver cysts
What are the clinical features of renal cysts?
usually found incidentally on imagine but may get flank pain if rupture or infected or haematuria
How do people with PKD present?
uncontrolled hypertension and maybe a flank mass
How do you diagnose renal cysts?
CT or MRI with pre and post enhancement scans with IV contrast, ultrasound may pick it up but will need further imaging
What blood test should be checked in renal cysts?
U and E to make sure it is not impacting the patients renal function