renal conditions Flashcards
1
Q
stage 1 CKD
A
GFR = or > 90
2
Q
stage 2 CKD
A
60-89
3
Q
stage 3a CKD?
A
45-59 GFR
4
Q
stage 3b CKD?
A
30-44 GFR
5
Q
stage 4 CKD?
A
15-29 GFR
6
Q
stage 5 CKD?
A
<15
kidney failure!
7
Q
most common causes of diabetic nephropathy?
A
- CKD
2. glomerulonephritis
8
Q
complications of CKD?
A
- anaemia
- metabolic acidosis
- CVD
- hypertension
- gout
- renal bone disease
- pericarditis
- hyperkalaemia
9
Q
CKD management?
A
- slow progression by reducing BP/ proteinuria (ACEI/ ARB +/- spironolactone)
- renal replacement therapy (eGFR< 20)
- identify and treat reversible cause
- decrease CV risk
- improve diabetic control
- treat complications
10
Q
treatment for restless leg syndrome?
A
-clonazepam OR -quinine sulphate OR -gabapentin
11
Q
what causes anaemia in CKD?
A
- reduced EPO (most significant)
- reduced erythropoiesis (uraemia has toxic effect on bone marrow)
- reduced absorption of iron
- reduced red cell survival (especially in haemodyalisis)
- stress ulceration (chronic blood loss)
- malnutrition (folate/vitamin B12 deficiency)
12
Q
what causes normochromic normocytic anaemia?
A
-reduced EPO
13
Q
what diet do people on haemo-dialysis need to have?
A
-low potassium and phosphate diet (+ fluid/salt restricted)
14
Q
what is needed for haemodyalissi?
A
- 3 sessions a week
- arteriovenous fistula (takes 6-8 weeks to heal)
15
Q
hyper acute organ rejection?
A
(min- hours)
-type II hypersensitivity reaction from pre existing antibodies (rare due to HLA matching) but requires immediate removal
