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high yield- year 2 > ortho- foot and knee > Flashcards

ortho- foot and knee Flashcards

1
Q

bunion presentation

A
  • deformity of great toe
  • medial deviation of 1st metatarsal
  • lateral deviation of toe itself
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2
Q

bunion management

A
  1. Conservative= wider + deeper shoes

2. Surgical= osteotomies

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3
Q

where is a stress fracture most commonly found?

A

2nd metatarsal

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4
Q

presentation of Morton’s neuroma?

A
  • burning pain in affected toe

- most commonly in 3rd/4th metatarsals

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5
Q

what is a mortons neuroma?

A

-irritated and swollen nerves from a neuroma

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6
Q

what causes stress fractures?

A

repetitive activity

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7
Q

treatment for Mortons neuroma?

A

conservative:

  • pad or insole
  • steroids/ LA injections

Surgical:
-excision of neuroma

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8
Q

what is Charcot joint?

A
  • diabetic neuropathic joint

- damaged 2ndry to sensory loss

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9
Q

what is Talipes Equinovarus?

A

club foot

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10
Q

treatment of Talipes Equinovarus?

A
  • manipulation + progressive casting (soon after birth) for 6 to 10 weeks
  • 85% need achilles tenotomy
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11
Q

what increases risk of Achilles tendon rupture?

A
  • Ciprofloxacin use

- repetitive strain

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12
Q

what test is +ve for Achilles tendon rupture?

A

Simmons test

-squeeze calf muscle to move foot

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13
Q

treatment for achille’s tendon rupture?

A
  • series of casts with foot plantarflexed

- surgical tendon repair

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14
Q

most common cause of heel pain?

A

-plantar fascitis

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15
Q

cause of plantar fascitis?

A

-repetitive stress/ overload

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16
Q

presentation of plantar fascitis?

A

-pain felt on instep of foot

17
Q

management of plantar fascitis?

A
  • rest feet

- insoles and heel pads

18
Q

when should ankle fracture get an Xray?

A

Ottawa Ankle Rules

Refer for Xray if they have pain in malleolar zone (lateral or medial) and one of:

  • cannot wait bear for 4 steps
  • distal tibia tenderness
  • distal fibula tenderness
19
Q

most common ankle inversion injury?

A

Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL)- 90%

20
Q

what causes low/high ankle injuries?

A 
low= inversion
high= eversion

(high-eeee E=eversion)

21
Q

name 1, 2, 4, 6

A 
1= PCL
2= ACL
4= lateral meniscus
6= medial meniscus
22
Q

what is 8, 10, 11, 12 and 14?

A 
8= lateral collateral ligament
10= medial collateral ligament
11= patellar tendon (cut)
12= head of fibula
14= iliotibial band insertion
23
Q
  • twisting injury
  • POP noise

most likely?

A

ACL injury

24
Q

investigations ACL injury?

A

+ve Anterior drawer test (90 degrees)
+ve Lachman test (30 degrees)

Lachman= go to man= more reliable

25
Q

management for ACL injury?

A

-ask patient to return in 6 to 7 days to re examine (to allow swelling to go down)

26
Q

most common cause of PCL injuries?

A

dashboard injuries (patient has feet on dashboard)

27
Q

test for PCL injury?

A

posterior drawer test

28
Q
  • Skiing injury
  • Valgus stress (lateral force)

most likely?

A

MCL injury

M= mountain= skiiing

29
Q

what type of knee injury is commonly least commonly found as an isolated injury?

A

LCL

30
Q

cause of patella fracture?

A

-direct blow or sudden twist of knee

31
Q

which way doe the patella commonly dislocate?

A

-laterally

32
Q

cause of quadriceps tendon rupture?

A
  • landing injury on partially bent knee

- Ciprofloxacin use (fluroquinolones)

33
Q

how does quadriceps tendon rupture present?

A

-cannot extend knee

34
Q

what is seen on Xray of quadriceps tendon rupture?

A

-inferiorly displaced patella

35
Q

treatment of quadriceps tendon rupture?

A
  • knee immobilization brace

- surgical repair

36
Q

who is IT band syndrome common in?

A

runners

37
Q

where does IT band syndrome pain present?

A

in the knee

38
Q

treatment for IT band syndrome?

A
  • iliotibial band stretches

- physiotherapy

39
Q

presentation of meniscus tears?

A
  • usually caused by twisting injuries
  • locking, giving way
  • tenderness across joint line

+ve Thessaly’s test= knee pain weight baring at 20 degrees holding onto doctor

+ve McMurray’s test= painful click upon bending and rotating knee

Medial meniscus tear= pain + swelling (highly vascular)
Lateral meniscus teat= no pain or swelling

(Lateral is more laid back, medial makes you moan)

high yield- year 2 (20 decks)

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