Renal cell carcinoma Flashcards
Define renal cell carcinoma
Primary malignancy of the kidneys
Aetiology of renal cell carcinoma
Unknown
Types of renal cell carcinoma
3
Renal clear cell carcinoma (80%)
Papillary carcinoma (10%)
Transitional cell carcinoma (10%) - occur at renal pelvis
Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma
6
Associated w/ certain inherited conditions:
Von Hippel-Lindau disease Tuberous sclerosis Polycystic kidney disease Familial renal cell cancer Smoking Chronic dialysis
Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma
prevalence, age
UNCOMMON
3% of all adult malignancies
Peak incidence 40-60 yrs
Presenting symptoms of renal cell carcinoma split into…
3
Renal cell carcinoma
Transitional cell carcinoma
Systemic signs of malignancy
Presenting symptoms of renal cell carcinoma
2 general + 3
Usually present LATE Asymptomatic in 90% Triad of symptoms: haematuria flank pain abdominal mass
Presenting symptoms of renal cell carcinoma - transitional cell carcinoma
Presents EARLIER w/ haematuria
Presenting symptoms of renal cell carcinoma - systemic signs of malignancy
(3)
Weight loss
Malaise
Paraneoplastic syndromes (e.g. fever, hypercalcaemia, polycythaemia)
Signs of renal cell carcinoma on physical examination
5
Palpable renal mass Hypertension Plethora Anaemia A left sided tumour can obstruct the left testicular vein as it joins the left renal vein & cause a left sided varicocoele
Investigations for renal cell carcinoma
4
Urinalysis
Bloods
Abdo US
CT/MRI
Investigations for renal cell carcinoma - urinalysis
2
Haematuria
Cytology
Investigations for renal cell carcinoma - bloods
5
FBC U&Es Calcium LFTs High ESR (in 75%)
Investigations for renal cell carcinoma - abdo US
2
Best 1st line investigation
Can distinguish between solid masses & cystic structures
Investigations for renal cell carcinoma - CT/MRI
Useful for staging (Robson staging)
