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Renal & Urology > Glomerulonephritis > Flashcards

Glomerulonephritis Flashcards

1
Q

Define glomerulonephritis

A

Immunologically medicated inflammation of the renal glomeruli

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2
Q

Aetiology of glomerulonephritis

3

A

Many different types of glomerulonephritis w/ different aetiologies

For some -
Caused by deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in the glomeruli
Leads to inflammation & activation of complement & coagulation cascades
Immune complexes may form within glomerulus (more common) or be deposited from the circulation

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3
Q

Antigens in glomerulonephritis may be associated with…

6

A 
Bacteria
Viruses
Protozoa
Inflammatory/systemic disease
Drugs
Tumour
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4
Q

Classification of glomerulonephritis

3+4

A

Classification based on site of nephron pathology & its distribution

NON-PROLIFERATIVE:
Minimal change glomerulonephritis
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN)
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

PROLIFERATIVE:
IgA nephropathy
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)
Post infectious glomerulonephritis
Rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis
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5
Q

Epidemiology of glomerulonephritis

A

Accounts for 25% of cases of chronic renal failure

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6
Q

Presenting symptoms of glomerulonephritis

5

A 
Haematuria
Subcutaneous oedema 
Polyuria or oliguria
History of recent infection
Symptoms of uraemia or renal failure (acute or chronic)
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7
Q

Signs of glomerulonephritis on physical examination

6

A 
Hypertension
Proteinuria
Haematuria (especially in IgA nephropathy)
Renal failure
Nephrotic syndrome
Nephritic syndrome
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8
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis

5

A 
Bloods
Urine
Imaging
Renal biopsy
Investigations for associated conditions
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9
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis - bloods

6

A 
FBC
U&Es + creatinine
LFTs - check albumin
Lipid profile
Complement studies
Antibodies
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10
Q

Antibodies to check for glomerulonephritis

5

A 
ANA
anti dsDNA
ANCA
anti-GBM antibody 
cryoglobulins
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11
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis - urine

2

A

Microscopy - check for red cell casts

24hr collection - creatinine clearance & protein

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12
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis - imaging

A

Renal tract US to exclude other pathology (e.g. obstruction)

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13
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis - renal biopsy

A

For microscopy

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14
Q

Investigations for glomerulonephritis - investigations for associated conditions
(3)

A

HBV
HCV
HIV serology

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15
Q

Features of nephritic syndrome

3

A

Hypertension
Proteinuria
Haematuria

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Renal & Urology (17 decks)

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