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Renal & Urology > Epididymitis & orchiditis > Flashcards

Epididymitis & orchiditis Flashcards

1
Q

Define epididymitis & orchitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis or testes

60% epididymitis is associated w/ orchitis
Most cases of orchitis are associated w/ epididymitis

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2
Q

Aetiology of epididymitis & orchitis

3 + 1

A

Most cases are INFECTIVE in origin - bacterial, viral, fungal

1/3 are IDIOPATHIC

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3
Q

Aetiology of epididymitis & orchitis - bacterial

3

A

If <35yrs: Chlamydia & Gonococcus
If >35yrs: mainly coliforms (e.g. Enterobacter, Klebsiella
RARE - TB, syphilis

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4
Q

Aetiology of epididymitis & orchitis - viral

1

A

Mumps

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5
Q

Aetiology of epididymitis & orchitis - fungal

1

A

Candida if immunocompromised

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6
Q

Risk factors for epididymitis & orchitis

2

A

Diabetes

RARE - vasculitis (e.g. Henoch-Schonlein purpura)

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7
Q

Epidemiology of epididymitis & orchitis

prevalence, agex2

A

COMMON
Affects all age groups
Most commonly 20-30yrs

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8
Q

Presenting symptoms of epididymitis & orchitis

3

A

Painful, swollen & tender testis or epididymis
Less acute onset than testicular torsion
Penile discharge

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9
Q

Signs of epididymitis & orchitis on physical examination

5

A 
Swollen & tender epididymis or testis
Scrotum may be erythematous & oedematous
Pyrexia
Walking will be painful
Eliciting cremasteric reflex may be painful
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10
Q

Investigations for epididymitis & orchitis

3

A

Urine
Bloods
Imaging

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11
Q

Investigations for epididymitis & orchitis - urine

2

A

Dipstick

Early morning collections for MC&S

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12
Q

Investigations for epididymitis & orchitis - bloods

3

A

FBC - high WCC
High CRP
U&Es

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13
Q

Investigations for epididymitis & orchitis - imaging

A

Increased blood flow on duplex examination

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14
Q

Management of epididymitis & orchitis

2

A

Medical

Surgical

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15
Q

Management of epididymitis & orchitis - medical

A

Antibiotics

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16
Q

Management of epididymitis & orchitis - surgical

2

A

Exploration of testicles if testicular torsion cannot be excluded clinically
Required if abscess develops

17
Q

Complications of epididymitis & orchitis

4

A

Pain
Abscess
Fournier’s gangrene (if infection is left untreated & spreads)
Mumps orchitis could cause testicular atrophy & fertility issues

18
Q

Prognosis of epididymitis & orchitis

2

A

GOOD if treated

Can take up to 2 months for swelling to resolve

Renal & Urology (17 decks)

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