Renal Cell Carcinoma Flashcards
What % of renal cancers are RCC?
90%
What are some risk factors for RCC?
Smoking, male sex, age
Where do RCCs arise from?
Proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cells
Where can RCC spread to?
Bone, liver, lungs
How does RCC present?
Weight loss, loin pain, haematuria, abdominal mass, varicocele
What % of cases have metastasis at presentation?
25%
Why is BP increased?
Increased renin secretion
What is the first line investigation?
USS
What are the main differential diagnoses?
Benign renal cyst, ureteral cancer, bladder cancer
What is the main treatment?
Radical nephrectomy, partial if bilateral
What are the most common complications?
Paraneoplastic changes like polycythaemia, HTN, hypercalcaemia, Cushing’s
What does the Mayo prognostic risk score use to calculate prognosis?
Tumour stage and size, grade and necrosis
What is the gold standard investigation?
Renal biopsy
Why might you do a CT?
It’s more sensitive than an USS
