Chronic Kidney Disease Flashcards
Define CKD?
Abnormal kidney structure of function for >3 months with implications for health
What are the common causes of CKD?
Diabetes, glomerulonephritis, HTN, congenital causes, persistent pyelonephritis, obstruction, nephrotoxic drugs
What symptoms of fluid overload might be present?
SOB, peripheral oedema, raised JVP
What are the effects of uraemia?
Pruritis, uraemic frost, nausea, reduced appetite
What other signs/symptoms might be present?
Arrhythmias, fatigue, pallor, bone pain
What blood tests should you do?
U&E for creatinine/phosphate/potassium, FBC
What urine changes might you expect?
Haematuria, proteinuria, glycosuria, UTI
What would you see on an USS?
Initial enlargement before atrophy, hydronephrosis
What do you need to remember about CKD and CVD?
A low GFR can affect troponin and BNP values
When should you prepare a patient for renal replacement therapy?
When their risk of renal failure is 10-20% within a year
What should you check with all medications?
How administration should be altered due to a low GFR
What are a decreased GFR and albuminuria associated with a higher risk of?
All-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, progressive kidney disease and kidney failure, AKI
What are the three ways to classify CKD?
GFR, albuminuria and A:CR, cause
What are the diagnostic criteria for CKD?
eGFR <60 or eGFR <90 + signs of renal damage or albuminuria >30/A:CR >3
When would you refer to nephrology?
Stage 4 so eGFR is <30 and A:CR is >70
