Renal Cancer

Question 1

three examples of benign renal cancers

Answer 1

1. oncocytoma
2. angiomyolipoma
3. simple cysts

Question 2

what does an oncocytoma look like?

Answer 2

spherical with central stellate scar

Question 3

appearance of an oncocytoma in CT?

Answer 3

spoke wheel

Question 4

why is a biopsy uncertain in oncocytoma?

Answer 4

similar to chromophobe RCC

Question 5

management of oncocytoma

Answer 5

observe for change

Question 6

what is an angiomyolipoma made up of?

Answer 6

blood vessels
smooth muscle
fat

Question 7

what condition is angiomyolipoma associated with?

Answer 7

tuberous sclerosis

Question 8

what is there a risk of with an angiomyolipoma?

Answer 8

Wunderlich’s syndrome (massive retroperitoneal bleed due to vessels in tumour)

Question 9

three types of malignant tumour in the kidneys

Answer 9

1. renal cell carcinoma
2. transitional cell carcinoma
3. lymphoma

Question 10

what is a renal cell carcinoma?

Answer 10

adenocarcinoma of renal cortex from PCT

Question 11

classification of RCC

Answer 11

clear cell (VHL)
papillary
chromophobe
collecting duct
medullary cells
Wilm's tumour

Question 12

risks in RCC

Answer 12

renal vein involvement to vena cava and heart

Question 13

diagnosis of TCC

Answer 13

sea anemone on cystoscopy

Question 14

what appearance is seen on a CXR in renal metastasis?

Answer 14

cannonballs

Question 15

presentation of renal cancers

Answer 15

classic triad= haematuria, loin pain and mass
pyrexia
varicocele
paraneoplastic syndromes= anaemia, weight loss, hypertension, hypercalcaemia (PTH)

Question 16

management of renal cancers

Answer 16

<3cm= surveillance or ablation
>3cm= partial or total nephrectomy