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Renal 2020 > Prostate, Testicular and Penile Cancer > Flashcards

Prostate, Testicular and Penile Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

who is prostate cancer most common in?

A

black men aged 70-74 with FH (BRCA2)

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2
Q

what type of cancer is most prostate cancer?

A

adenocarcinomas

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3
Q

presentation of prostate cancer

A 
asymptomatic
haematuria
haematospermia
bone pain
anorexia
weight loss
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4
Q

diagnosis of prostate cancer

A

DRE as most arise in peripheral zones
PSA
TRUS biopsy

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5
Q

what can elevate PSA?

A 
cancer
PBH
prostatitis
UTI
retention
DRE
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6
Q

what must be done being giving a PSA test?

A

counselling

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7
Q

what are the risks in a TRUS biopsy?

A

bleeding
sepsis
vaso-vagal fainting

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8
Q

classification/ scoring system for prostate cancer

A

Gleason’s scoring

TMN staging

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9
Q

management of organ confined prostate cancer

A

surveillance
radical surgery
radiotherapy (EBRT, brachytherapy)

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10
Q

management of locally advanced prostate cancer

A

radiotherapy

hormonal therapy

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11
Q

management of metastatic disease

A

androgen deprivation therapy
steroids
chemotherapy

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12
Q

androgen deprivation therapy options

A

LHRH analogues
anti-androgens
bilateral orchidectomy

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13
Q

risks in hormonal therapy in prostate cancer

A

testosterone surge which causes spinal cord compression so anti-androgen cover is required

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14
Q

who is testicular cancer common in?

A

men 20-45

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15
Q

risk factors for testicular cancer

A

previous in contralateral testicle
cryptorchidism
HIV
FH

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16
Q

two types of testicular cancer

A

seminomatous

non-seminomatous

17
Q

age of seminomatous testicular cancer

A

35-45

18
Q

management of seminomatous testicular cancer

A

radiotherapy responsive

19
Q

appearance of seminomatous testicular cancer

A

potato appearance

20
Q

age of non-seminomatous testicular cancer

A

<35

21
Q

which type of testicular cancer is more aggressive?

A

non-seminomatous

22
Q

management of non-seminomatous testicular cancer

A

chemotherapy sensitive

23
Q

types of non-seminomatous testicular cancer

A

teratoma
yolk sac
embryonal
trophoblast (choriocarcinoma)

24
Q

role of normal testis

A

make sperm in seminiferous tubules

25
Q

what do the seminiferous tubules contain?

A

germ cells
Sertoli cells
maturing sperm

26
Q

what does the interstitial testis contain?

A

Leydig cells

27
Q

role of Leydig cells

A

produce DHEA that is converted to testosterone

28
Q

what is a hydrocoele?

A

accumulation of fluid within the tunica vaginalis in the testis

29
Q

what is a spermatocele?

A

cystic change in vas

30
Q

what is a varicocele?

A

varicosities of venous plexus- bag of worms

31
Q

presentation of testicular cancer

A

scrotal cancer
pain due to bleeding
weight loss
neck lumps, chest symptoms, bone pain

32
Q

diagnosis of testicular cancer

A

USS
CT
bloods for tumour markers- AFP, B-HCG and LDH

33
Q

management of testicular cancer

A

radical inguinal orchidectomy (sperm preservation)

34
Q

what kind of cancers are penile cancers?

A

skin cancers such as Kaposi’s, BCC, melanoma, sarcoma

35
Q

risk factors for penile cancer

A 
5th-6th decade
premalignant conditions
phismosis
HPV 16/18
smoking
immunocompromised
36
Q

presentation of penile cancer

A

hard, painless lump
urinary retention
groin mass (inguinal lymphadenopathy)

37
Q

management of prepucial penile cancer

A

circumcision

38
Q

management of glans penile cancer

A 
superficial= glans resurfacing
deep= glansectomy
39
Q

management of advanced penile cancer

A

amputation with formation of perineal urethrostomy

Renal 2020 (26 decks)

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