Renal Calculi Flashcards
1
Q
presentation
A
horrendous colicky pain
2
Q
four types of renal stones
A
calcium oxalate and phosphate
magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite)
uric acid
cystine
3
Q
when do struvite stones often occur?
A
after infection
4
Q
causes of uric acid stones
A
gout
chemotherapy for leukaemia
5
Q
causes of cystine stones
A
genetic defect
6
Q
causes of calcium oxalate and phosphate stones
A
hypercalciuria
hyperparathyroidism
7
Q
initial management of stones
A
NSAIDs
IV fluids
antiemetics
8
Q
management of a stone <5mm
A
watch and wait advise to keep hydrated, look at urine watch for urosepsis and anuria come back if pain not managed by NSAIDs repeat CT 3-4 weeks
9
Q
management of stone >5mm
A
ESWL
ureteroscopy
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
10
Q
management of urosepsis/anuria
A
ABCDE
sepsis 6
JJ stent
percutaneous nephrostomy
