Renal cancer Flashcards
1
Q
epidemiology?
A
high incidence in west
2
Q
risk factors?
A
- smoking
- obesity
- chronic renal disease needing long-term dialysis
- hypertension
- von hippel landau disease
3
Q
what is the most common histological type?
A
adenocarcinoma aka renal cell carcinoma
4
Q
types of renal cell carcinoma?
A
- clear cell (75-90%)
- papillary (10%)
- chromophobe (5%)
- collecting duct carcinoma (1%)
- children: wilms tumour
5
Q
presentation?
A
- often asymptomatic
- haematuria
- vague loin pain
- non-specific symptoms of cancer
6
Q
mets to?
A
Bone
Lung (cannon ball mets)
Lymph nodes
7
Q
Ix?
A
- renal USS
- CT gold standard
- bone scan if symptomatic
8
Q
Rx?
A
surgery
- partial nephrectomy first line
tumours are chemo and radio insensitive
9
Q
paraneoplastic syndromes?
A
- polycythaemia (RCC secretes unregulated EPO)
- hypercalcaemia (RCC secretes a hormone that mimics action of pTH)
- Stauffer syndrome
- abnormal LFTs demonstrating obstructive jaundice, without any biliary or liver mets
10
Q
prognosis?
A
depends on staging - overall 50% alive at 10years
