Obstructive Uropathy

Question 1

Presentation of upper urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 1

• loin to groin / flank pain on affected side
• reduced / no urine output
• non-specific symptoms ie vomiting
• reduced renal function on bloods

Question 2

Presentation of lower urinary tract obstruction?

Answer 2

• acute urinary retention
• lower urinary tract symptoms
• reduced renal function on bloods

Question 3

common upper tract causes?

Answer 3

• stones
• tumour - local cancer masses pressing on ureters
• ureter strictures

Question 4

common lower urinary tract causes?

Answer 4

• BPH
• Prostate cancer
• ureter or urethra strictures
• neurogenic bladder

Question 5

complications?

Answer 5

• AKI
• eventually CKD
• infection
• dilated kidney / ureter / bladder
• pain