Renal Calculi

Question 1

What is the main reason for getting kidney stones ?

Answer 1

dehydration

Question 2

Why do Calcium Oxalate stones form ?

Answer 2

70-80% of all stones
- idiopathic or because of hypercalcemia

Question 3

Why do Calcium Phosphate stones form ?

Answer 3

alkaline urine

Question 4

Why do Struvite stones form ?

Answer 4

always UTI-related, women
- by product of a bacterial infection

Question 5

Why do Uric Acid stones form ?

Answer 5

associated with a high purine diet
- also gout and increased levels of uric acid

Question 6

Why do Cystine stones form ?

Answer 6

a genetic predisposition

Question 7

What are some S&S of Calculi ?

Answer 7

• flank pain (in back and abdomen)
• women may have labial pain and men may have testicular pain
• fever, chills, nausea, and vomiting
• hematuria, dysuria

Question 8

What are some interventions about kidney stones ?

Answer 8

• nutritional therapy (special diet)
• strict I&O
• strain all urine (to catch stones)
• pain control and Tamsulosin or Terazosin to relax ureter muscles
• lithotripsy
• surgical therapy

Question 9

If the kidney stones are made out of uric acid, what types of foods should you limit ?

Answer 9

limit foods with purines
- similar diet to someone with gout

Question 10

What foods contain Purine ?

Answer 10

• High: sardines, herring, mussels, liver, kidney, goose, venison
• Moderate: chicken, salmon, crab, veal, bacon, pork, beef, ham

Question 11

What foods contain Calcium ?

Answer 11

• High: milk, cheese, ice cream, yogurt, all beans, lentils, fish, dried fruits, nuts, chocolate

Question 12

What foods contain Oxalate ?

Answer 12

• High: spinach, asparagus, dark roughage, rhubarb, cabbage, tomatoes, beets, celery, parsley, chocolate, instant coffee, tea