Renal and Urological System Important Terms Flashcards
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
the filtration of plasma per unit of time
movement of fluid and solutes across the glomerular capillary membrane into Bowman’s space
renalase
hormone released by kidney, heart, and other organs that promotes the metabolism of catecholamines
lowers bp and GFR
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)
major hormonal regulator of RBF which can stimulate vasoconstriction
natriuretic peptides
natural agonists to the RAAS
cause vasodilation and increase sodium and water excretion and decrease bp
assist in protecting the heart from volume overload
urodilatin
renal natriuretic peptide which increases RBF causing diuresis (increase in the amount of urine made by kidney)
net filtration pressure (NFP)
the sum of forces favoring and opposing filtration
urea
the major constituent of urine
the end product of protein metabolism
necessary for the concentration and dilution of urine
uromodulin or Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP)
most abundant protein in human urine
binds uropathogens to prevent UTIs
protects uroepithelium from injury
protects against kidney stone formation
involved in sodium transport
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone secreted by posterior pituitary gland which controls concentration of final urine
water –> distal tubule
aldosterone
hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex under regulation of RAAS which stimulates reabsorption of sodium and increases excretion of potassium and hydrogen ions
diuretic
any agent enhancing the flow of urine
vitamin D
hormone necessary for the absorption of calcium and phosphate by small intestine
erythropoietin (Epo)
stimulates bone marrow to produce RBCs in response to tissue hypoxia (low oxygen)
