Kidney A&P

Question 2

renal capsule

Answer 2

thin, fibrous layer that surrounds and protects the kidney

Question 3

renal fascia

Answer 3

fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds the kidney

Question 4

hilium

Answer 4

medial indentation for the entry and exit of the renal blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and ureter

Question 5

cortex

Answer 5

the outer layer of the kidney

Question 6

medulla

Answer 6

inner part of the kidney composed of regions called pyramids

Question 7

renal columns

Answer 7

extension of cortex and extend between pyramids to the renal pelvis

Question 8

minor and major calyces

Answer 8

chambers receiving urine from the collecting ducts and form entry into the renal pelvis

Question 9

renal pevis

Answer 9

extension of the upper ureter

Question 10

lobe

Answer 10

structural unit of the kidney
* composed of a pyramid and the overlying cortex
* 14-18 lobes in each kidney

Question 11

renal corpuscle

Answer 11

blood filtering component of nephron
* composed of glomerulus, Bowman (glomerulus) capsule, mesangial cells, and Bowman space

Question 12

mesangial cells

Answer 12

regulate blood flow
act similar to monocytes, releasing inflammatory cytokines
adjust glomerular filtration rate

Question 13

glomerular filtration membrane

Answer 13

membrane that filters blood plasma through the glomerulus
three layers
*inner capillary endothelium
*middle basement membrane
*outer layer of capillary or visceral epithelium

Question 14

podocytes

Answer 14

specialize cells in the kidney that wrap around capillaries and help maintain kidney’s filter

Question 15

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 15

renin-releasing cells

Question 16

macula densa

Answer 16

sodium-sensing cells

Question 17

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 17

control of renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion
*composed of juxtaglomerular cells, macula densa cells, and mesangial cells

Question 18

proximal tubule

Answer 18

segment of kidney that reabsorbs water and solutes from the glomerular filtrate
only surface inside nephron with microvilli

Question 19

loop of Henle

Answer 19

recovers water and salt from urine
thick segment of cuboidal cell which actively transport several solutes, but not water
thin ascending segment composed of tin squamous cells, no active transport function

Question 20

collecting duct

Answer 20

drains urine into the minor calyx

Question 21

principal cells

Answer 21

reabsorb sodium and secrete potassium

Question 22

intercalated cells

Answer 22

secrete hydrogen and reabsorb potassium and bicarbonate

Question 23

vasa recta

Answer 23

only blood supply for the medulla (important for formation of concentrated urine)

Question 24

ureter

Answer 24

carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
*electrical stimulation between cells creates peristaltic contraction which propels urine into the bladder

Question 25

bladder

Answer 25

bag made of smooth muscle which contains urine