Acute Kidney Disease Important Terms

Question 1

renal insufficiency

Answer 1

a decline in renal function to about 25% of normal or a GFR of 25-30ml/min
BUN and creatinine mildly elevated

Question 2

kidney failure (end-stage kidney disease) (ESKD)

Answer 2

significant loss of renal function (less than 10% remains) and requires dialysis

Question 3

uremia (uremic syndrome)

Answer 3

a syndrome of renal failure and includes elevated blood urea and creatinine levels accompanied by fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and neurologic changes
causes retention of toxic wastes, deficiency states, electrolyte disorders, and immune activation promoting a proinflammatory state

Question 4

azotemia

Answer 4

increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels (normal is 8-20 mg/dl) and frequently increased serum creatinine levels (normal is 0.7-1.4 mg/dl)

Question 5

acute kidney injury

Answer 5

a sudden decline in kidney function with a decrease in glomerular filtration and urine output with accumulation of nitrogenous waste products in the blood as shown with elevated creatinine and BUN

Question 6

oliguria

Answer 6

BELOW 400ml/24hr of urine output