Renal and Urinary Flashcards
The most common causes of chronic kidney disease include all EXCEPT
Select one or more:
a. Chronic psoriasis
b. Urinary tract obstructions
c. Hypertension
d. Diabetes
Chronic psoriasis
Which of the following is NOT true about urinary tract infections?
a. People with urinary retention are more likely to contract a UTI
b. The bacteria involved in UTIs often include e.coli and poteus
c. It is important to use the first sample of passed urine to check for UTI
d. People with diabetes are more prone to urinary tract infections
It is important to use the first sample of passed urine to check for UTI.
It should be a mid-stream urine (MSU) sample
Hypertrophy of the Bladder wall due to obstructions is known as?
a. Trabeculation
b. Speculation
c. Claudication
d. Scarring
Trabeculation
Which of the following statements about bladder cancer is TRUE?
a. Haematuria without pain is a red flag for bladder cancer
b. Bladder cancer is associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia
c. Bladder cancer is more common in women
d. Bladder cancer is caused by drinking too much Red Bull
Haematuria without pain is a red flag for bladder cancer
All of the following could cause a lower urinary tract obstruction EXCEPT:
a. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
b. Urethral stricture
c. Constipation
d. Hydronephrosis
Hydronephrosis
Which of the following statements about acute kidney injury (AKI) is NOT true.
a. Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is the term used to describe a sudden deterioration of kidney function
b. Ensuring patients are catheterised helps to prevent AKI
c. AKI is detected by monitoring creatinine blood levels, and urine output
d. AKI is a common condition amongst hospital inpatients and affects mortality and length of stay
Ensuring patients are catheterised helps to prevent AKI
Blood tests for renal function include all of the following except
a. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
b. Blood Urea Nitrogen
c. Creatinine
d. INR
INR
Patients with reduced renal function should use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with caution because:
a. Prostaglandins serve to dilate the afferent arteriole; by blocking this prostaglandin-mediated effect, particularly in renal failure, NSAIDs cause unopposed constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased renal perfusion pressure.
b. NSAIDs are excreted by the kidney so those with reduced kidney function may experience dangerously high plasma levels.
c. Use of NSAIDs in patients with reduced renal function can lead to hydronephrosis.
d. NSAIDs can cause the urine to become dangerously acidic
Prostaglandins serve to dilate the afferent arteriole; by blocking this prostaglandin-mediated effect, particularly in renal failure, NSAIDs cause unopposed constriction of the afferent arteriole and decreased renal perfusion pressure.
The minimum amount of urine an adult should pass in order to avoid acute kidney injury is
a. 100ml/h
b. 1ml/kg/h
c. 0.5ml/kg/h
d. 20ml/patient/hour
0.5ml/kg/h
Which of the following is a symptom of acute kidney injury
a. Decreased eGFR
b. Decreased urine output
c. Jaundice
d. Raised creatinine levels in the blood
Decreased urine output
