Microbiology and Infection

Question 1

What is meant by Transmission

Answer 1

How the organism is passed on

Question 2

What is meant by Portal of entry

Answer 2

How the microorganism enters the body

Question 3

What is meant by Infecting organism

Answer 3

The pathogenic microorganism

Question 4

What is meant by Resevoir

Answer 4

The source of the infection (ex. patient, animal, food, water)

Question 5

Symptoms of infection are caused by

Select one or more:

a. Our immune system
b. All of the above
c. Toxins produced by microorganisms
d. The death of invaded human cells

Answer 5

All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is true about Clostridium difficile (C. diff)

a. It is a type of virus that infects the gastrointestinal tract
b. It is mainly spread by droplets inhaled by patients
c. It is one of the leading causes of pneumonia
d. It can occur after the use of broad spectrum antibiotics

Answer 6

It can occur after the use of broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 7

Which of the following is not true about commensal microogranisms (normal flora)

Select one or more:

a. Commensal organisms never cause infection
b. The normal flora/commensal organisms prevent more pathogenic organisms from colonizing and infecting us
c. Commensal organisms live harmlessly on or in the body
d. Commensal microbial species colonize our mouth, nose, and intestinal tracts

Answer 7

Commensal organisms never cause infection

Commensal organisms can be pathogenic if present in another location in the body. For example, ecoli is normal in the gut but not in the urine.

Question 8

what type of microorganism is Candida

Answer 8

Fungus

Question 9

A microorganism that causes disease is referred to as:

Answer 9

A Pathogen

Question 10

what type of microorganism is Staphylococcus

Answer 10

Bacteria

Question 11

what type of microorganism is Pseudemonas

Answer 11

Bacteria

Question 12

what type of microorganism is Streptococcus

Answer 12

Bacteria

Question 13

what type of microorganism is HIV

Answer 13

Virus

Question 14

what type of microorganism is Varicella

Answer 14

Virus

Question 15

What is an Inactivated vaccine

Answer 15

A vaccine with inactivated organisms that still have their markers but are unable to reproduce

Question 16

What is an Acellular vaccine

Answer 16

A vaccine using just a small part of an organism ex. a flagella or a protein wall

Question 17

What is an Attenuated vaccine

Answer 17

A vaccine containing a weakened version of an organism

Question 18

Antibiotics work in different ways. All of the following are examples of how antibiotics work except:

Select one or more:

a. They destroy the nucleus in the bacteria
b. They inhibit DNA/RNA processes
c. They disrupt the cell wall
d. They inhibit protein synthesis
e. They disrupt cell metabolism

Answer 18

They destroy the nucleus in the bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following is not a WHITE CELL involved in the innate immune system?

Select one or more:

a. neutrophil
b. Basophil
c. Mast cell
d. Antibody
e. Eosinophil

Answer 19

Antibody

Question 20

Which of the following is not true about antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance?

Select one or more:

a. Knowing what bacteria are causing an infection allows the clinician to select the most effective antimicrobial
b. Bacteria pass resistance on to each other via conjugation, passing plasmids from one bacterium to another
c. The more antibacterials are used, the more likely resistant organisms are to emerge
d. It is best to use broad spectrum antibiotics whenever possible.

Answer 20

It is best to use broad spectrum antibiotics whenever possible.

Using narrow spectrum antibiotics when possible can help to prevent antimicrobial resistance