Renal and Resp Flashcards
what is the enzyme that converts 25-OH vit D to 1,25 OH Vit D?
1 alpha hydroxylase
What causes a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
HARD ASS Hyperalimentation Addisonsdisease Renal tubular acidosis Diarrhea Acetazolamid Spironolactin/Saline infusion
RTA type 1
defect in collecting tubules ability to excrete H, pH >5.5, failure of H secretion by the alpha intercalated cells
- increase in urine pH increases the risk for CaPO4 kidney stones
RTA tpe 2
defect in proximal tubule’s ability to reabsorb HCO3, urine pH <5.5
- increased risk for hypophosphatemic rickets
spike and dope ammearance with supepithelial deposits
EM
what does the LM show in minimal change disease?
normal LM
em = foot process efacement
what is type 1 MPGN assoc w?
HBV HCV and SBE SLE
how do you distinguish between IgA nephropathy (Bergers) and PSGN?
IgA = days after infection PSGN = weeks after infection, have a decrease in C3
glomerulonephritis, deafness, eye problems
Alport syndrome
cant see, cant pee cant hear
spit basement membrane
how does GBM lose its polyanions in Minimal change disease?
due to a decrase in sialic acids
how do you prevent kidney stone formation?
- HIgh urine citrate concentration (binds to free Ca)
2. Fluids!
what are the urease positive bugs that can cause kidney stones?
- Proteus
- Klebsiella
- Staph
where does renal cell carcinoma originate from?
proximal tubule cells
how does RCC spread?
it invades renal vein then ICV and spreads hematogenously
genetics of WILMs tumor??
WT1 tumor suppressor gene
- contains embryonic glomerular structures
