Renal and GU

Question 1

Kids cannot concentrate urine really well, why?
What do their labs look like?

Answer 1

kidneys are still immature, labs are usually abnormal

Question 2

What labs are associated to Acute Renal Failure?

Answer 2

low GFR, elevated BUN, hyperkalemia

Question 3

How can you educate a parent to prevent UTI?

Answer 3

Girls should clean from front to back
No restrictive clothing cotton underwear only
Avoid bubble baths
Use bathroom when nature calls
Increase fluid intake

Question 4

What is triad of HUS (Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome)
what causes it and what are the labs

Answer 4

Triad: Anemia, thrombocytopenia, renal failure

Causes: Ecoli (undercooked ground beef, unpasteurized milk or fruit juice, apple, sprouts, lettuce, salami, drinking/swimming in sewage- contaminated water)

Labs: Decreased hgb and hct, decreased platelet, elevated bun and creatinine

Question 5

Symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome and the diet they should be on

Answer 5

proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema,

Diet: low sodium, fluid restrictions

Question 6

Symptoms of acute glomerulonephritis and the diet they should be on

Answer 6

Occurs after strep,
Diet: low sodium, potassium and phosphorus

Question 7

Describe the following:
inguinal hernia
hydrocele
phimosis

Answer 7

inguinal hernia- protrusion of abdominal contents into scrotum,

hydrocele- fluid in scrotum,

phimosis- narrowing of opening in foreskin,

Question 8

Describe the following
hypospadias
chordee
epispadias

Answer 8

hypospadias- urethral opening on ventral surface of penis,

chordee- ventral curvature,

epispadias- meatal opening on dorsal surface,

Question 9

Describe the following
cryptorchidism
exstrophy of bladder
ambiguous genitalia

Answer 9

cryptorchidism- testes undescended,

exstrophy of bladder- open pubic arch, bladder exterior of abdominal wall,

ambiguous genitalia- sex undetermined by visualization (ultrasound to determine)

Question 10

Why neonates are more prone to dehydration and acidosis?

Answer 10

-immature kidneys which cannot concentrate urine;
-percentage of body weight,
-loss of water per day,
-immature kidney function,
-water and electrolyte disturbances more likely,
-larger body surface area,
-higher basal metabolic rate,
-greater fluid requirements