Neuro and MSK

Question 1

When should you use the following pain scales?
NIPS
FLACC
Faces
Visual analog
Piaget and Erikson Stages

Answer 1

NIPS: 0-28 days is a neonate.

FLACC: 2 months- 7 years.

Faces: ages 3 or older.

Visual analog- 4 years. (infant= FLACC)

Piaget and Erikson Stages: picture on phone

Question 2

Describe lice and how it is transmitted, prevented, and treated>

Answer 2

Transmitted: lice adhere to hair shaft

Prevented by: no sharing hairbrushes, hats, helmets, pillowcases

Treatment; prescription shampoo (NIX and Lindane) (wash head and body), wash bed sheets, clothes in hot water

Question 3

What causes Rheumatic fever? and what is the relationship with the ASO titer?

Answer 3

Untreated group a/b strep
ASO titer diagnosed (strep)

Question 4

What are some increased early and late intracranial pressure symptoms?

Answer 4

Early: headache (one of the first signs), diplopia (blurred vision), NV, vertigo, confusion (increased sleeping, alteration in pupillary response).

Late: bradycardia, decreased LOC, decreased motor response, diminished response to pain, Cushing’s reflex (slow pulse and increased BP- rare in children), posturing, change in RR (irregular)

Question 5

What is meningitis and what are the 3 signs contributed to it?

Answer 5

Brudzinski: forced flexion of the head causes flexion of the hips,

Kernig’s: pain with passive extension of child’s leg

Nuchal rigidity: neck stiffness

Question 6

What can you not give when diagnosed with Reyes Syndrome?

Answer 6

ASPRIN… NONONONOO

Question 7

What are nursing interventions for patient that are experiencing seizures?

Answer 7

-turn on side
-time it,
-airway-O2-suction,
-IV at hospital,
-rectal diazepam at home,
-don’t stick anything in mouth when seizing,
-thermoregulation,
-take out toys from crib

Question 8

Neural tube defects:
Name the diseases and how to prevent them

Answer 8

myeloplasia (spina bifida) and myelomeningocele = niacin (folic acid)
Anencephaly: severely underdeveloped brain

Question 9

Describe the different types of curvatures of the spine

Answer 9

kyphosis: convex curvature

lordosis: cervical or lumbar curvature beyond physiological limits

scoliosis: lateral curvature

Question 10

Symptoms of compartment syndrome for a cast and the immediate treatment

Answer 10

5 P’s of ischemia: pain, pulselessness, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis

Treatment: cut off cast, fasciotomy, pressure within muscles builds up to dangerous levels

Question 11

What is the treatment of clubfoot?

Answer 11

Series of casts every 2-3 days for 1-3 weeks, then 1-2 week intervals

Surgery- percutaneous heel cord release at 2-3 months,

Stretching and casting

Question 12

How does a fracture with epiphyseal plate effects bone growth?

Answer 12

They will have one arm/leg shorter than the other

Question 13

What are some symptoms of Kawasaki Disease?

Answer 13

high fever, red eyes, ring around iris, strawberry tongue, rash
Serious= MI (irritability)