RENAL ANATOMY II Flashcards
describe transitional epithelium?
stratified round cells, flatten when stretched and good for protection
what assist moving urine to bladder within the ureters?
peristaltic waves
how do the ureters situated and arranged retroperitoneally?
- arise from each renal pelvis at each hilum
- descend retroperitoneally through abdomen vertically from hila
describe the 3 layers of ureter?
mucosa
- transitional epithelium
- lamina propria
muscularis (opposite to GI tract)
- longitudinal inner
- circular outer
adventitia: outer covering of conenctive tissue
what special structure can you find on the inner surface of the ureters?
folded protective proteins
how does ureters enter the bladder?
run obliquely through the wall of bladder at its posterolateral corners
how does the bladder/ureter prevents backflow of urine?
acts as a sphincter compressed by the increased bladder pressure
why is the bladder has rugae?
for storage purpose: when full, the bladder expands without great increase in pressure
why is the bladder wall has muscle?
for expulsion of urine to urethra during urination
what is the mucosa of bladder wall made of?
transitional epithelium
what are the muscle of the bladder wall called?
detrusor
describe detrusor?
- thick smooth muscle
- longitudinal, circular and oblique fibres
what is the trigone comprise of?
triangular region between 2 openings of entry of ureters and 1 opening for urethra
when the bladder is filled, how does it change?
from pyramidal within the pelvis, the bladder now become more spherical and expands superiorly into abdominal cavity and can be palpated above pubis symphysis
where is the location of bladder in male?
anterior to rectum and superior to prostate gland
where is the location of female bladder
anterior to vagina and uteris
3 structures that protect the urinary tract?
- transitional epithelium: stopping urine leaking to underlined tissues
- folded protective protein (waxy) plaques at apical surface: waterproof surface seperate apical side from urine
- entrance of ureters to bladder to prevent backflow
what is the urethra and what does it do?
a thin-walled muscular tube to drain urine from the bladder out of the body
describe the epithelium changes of the urethra
transitional near bladder –> columnar –> stratified squamous
what special structure can you find on the wall of urethra and what does it do?
mucus glands to protect epithelium from urine
what are the major differences between male and female urethra?
- length
- separation from reproductive system (male part of, female separated)
- at male: initial section surrounded by prostate gland
- 3 sections in male: prostatic, membranous, psongy/penile
what is the internal urinary sphincter like?
- junction of bladder and urethra
- detrusor muscle
- involuntary control
describe external urinary sphincter?
- located where urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm
- skeletal muscle
- voluntary control
name 3 places in the urinary tract you would find transitional epithelium
ureters, bladder and initial part of urethra
this is a reminder to review urination and remember how that works but no need for details
