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DMD 5249 > Renal A&P- Reynolds > Flashcards

Renal A&P- Reynolds Flashcards

1
Q

_______: sudden loss of kidney fxn

Cystitis: _______

Hematuria: Blood in urine

_________: Cleaning blood through artificial kidney

A

Acute renal failure: sudden loss of kidney fxn

Cystitis: inflammation of urinary bladder

Hematuria: Blood in urien

Hemodialysis : Cleaning blood through artificial kidney

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2
Q

Glomerular filtration rate averages __ L/hr or ___ L/Day

A

Glomerular filtration rate averages 7.5L/hr or 180 L/Day

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3
Q

Nocturia:

Polyuria:

Uremia

Hydronephrosis:

A

Nocturia: night urination

Polyuria: excessive urine output

Uremia: Retention of urinary components in blood

Hydronephrosis: Water in kidney from obstruction/ distension/dilation of collecting apparatus

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4
Q

Bowman’s capsule surrounds the _______ . Blood is filtered and waste enters bowmans capsule then passing through the _______tubule. Urine then flows through the descending_______, ascending_______, _______ tubule, then collecting tubule.

A

Bowman’s capsule surrounds the glomerulus. Blood is filtered and waste enters bowmans capsule then passing through the Proximal tubule. Urine then flows through the descending Loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, Distal tubule, then collecting tubule.

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5
Q

The _______and _______ arteiole carries blood to and from the glomerulus.

A

The afferent and efferent arteiole carries blood to and from the glomerulus.

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6
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Supply blood to renal tissue and are involved in exchanges with fluid in the tubular lumen

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7
Q

_______ collects the glomerular filtrate while the Loop of Henle establishes an _______ in the renal medulla that is important for urine concentrations.

A

Bowmans capsule collects the glomerular filtrate while the Loop of Henle establishes an osmotic gradient in the renal medulla that is important for urine concentrations.

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8
Q

Tubule where uncontrolled reabsorption and secretion of selected substances occurs.

A

Proximal

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9
Q

Tubule that has controlled reabsorption of Na+ and H2O with secretion of K+ and H+

A

Distal

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10
Q

What makes the glomerulus 100-1000 times more permiable than regular capilaries?

A

Has circular fenestrations on the ~50 capilaries with a diameter of 50-100 nm

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11
Q

The double walled structure composed of squamous epithelium. The outer layer is continuous with epithelium of proximal tubule while the inner layer is composed of podocytes that are closely associated with glomerular capillaries

A

Glomerular/Bowman’s capsule: The double walled structure composed of squamous epithelium. The outer layer is continuous with epithelium of proximal tubule while the inner layer is composed of podocytes that are closely associated with glomerular capillaries

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12
Q

Urinary constituents in blood

A

Uremia

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13
Q

Why would the proximal convoluted tubule have many mitochondria?

What type of cells are they?

A

To produce energy for active transport.

Simple cuboidal with microvilli

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14
Q

The _______ descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop are composed of flat squamous cells while the _______ ascending limb is composed of cuboidal cells; both lacking microvilli.

A

The thin descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loop are composed of flat squamous cells while the thick ascending limb is composed of cuboidal cells; both lacking microvilli.

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15
Q

The distal convoluted tubule begins at the _______, a mass of specialized epithelial cells of the tubule wall.

A

The distal convoluted tubule beginsa at the macula densa, a mass of specialized epithelial cells of the tubule wall.

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16
Q

Albumin has a MW of about 68,000. Significance?

A

Substances must be below 60,000 MW to pass through glomerulus

17
Q

Equation for GFR

A

[Urine volume x [Inulin]urine (mg/ml)] / [inulin]plasma

18
Q

If inulin is infused into a vein :

concentration in the urine is 30 mg/ml,

concentration in plasma is .5 mg/ml,

rate of urine formation is 2ml/min.

What is GFR?

A

2ml/min x 30 mg/ml=

60mg/min /.5 mg/ml =

120 ml/min

19
Q

Normal GFR is

A

115-125 ml/min

20
Q

Which substances are passively reabsorbed?

Which are actively?

A

Which substances are passively reabsorbed? H2O, Cl-, Urea,

Which are actively? Glucose, Na+, AAs, Cl-

21
Q

The transport maximum(Tm) for _______is 375 mg/min. If plasma levels are above 375 mg/min, it will be excreted in the urine.

A

The transport maximum(Tm) for glucose is 375 mg/min. If plasma levels are above 375 mg/min, it will be excreted in the urine.

22
Q

If someone has 3.5 mg/ml glucose in blood and has GFR of 125 ml/min will there be glucose in the urine? How much?

A

3.5 mg/ml x125 ml/min= 438 mg/min

438-375(Tm)= 63 mg/ml urine

23
Q

In Tubular secretion what three main substances are secreted into the lumen?

A

H+ ions, K+ ions, penicillin

24
Q

_______limb actively transports negatively charged Cl- out of the tubular fluid into the medullary insterstitium, Na+ follows beacuse of the charge.

A

Ascending limb actively transports negatively charged Cl- out of the tubular fluid into the medullary insterstitium, Na+ follows beacuse of the charge.

25
Q

The ascending limb is impermiable to _______

A

The ascending limb is impermiable to water

26
Q

Fluid in the ascending limb becomes more _______

A

Fluid in the ascending limb becomes more dilute

27
Q

ADH

A

Low levels ADH- distal tubules and collecting ducts become impermiable to water= dilute urine

High levels- highly permiable- concentrated urine

28
Q

Calculate clearance of inulin

Urine formation= 1 ml/min

Urine [inulin]=12.5 mg/ml

Plasma [inulin]= .1 mg/ml

A

1 ml/min X 12.5 mg/ml= 12.5mg/min

12.5 / .1 mg/ml= 125 ml/min

29
Q

_______ is produced and secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus when decrease in BV or Bp is detected by the macula densa.

A

Renin is produced and secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus when decrease in BV or Bp is detected by the macula densa.

30
Q

The macula densa prescedes the ______ convoluted tubule

A

The macula densa prescedes the distal convoluted tubule

31
Q

The outer layer of the glomerular capsule is continuous with..

The inner layer is composed of…

A

The outer layer of the glomerular capsule is continious with the proximal tubule.

The inner layer is composed of podocytes closely associated with capillaries.

32
Q

The proximal convoluted tubule is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells that _______ microvilli . The descending and ascending thin limbs are composed of simple squamous epithelium that _______ microvilli. The ascending thick limb are composed of simple cuboidal cells that _______ microvilli.

A

The proximal convoluted tubule is composed of a single layer of cuboidal cells that contain microvilli . The descending and ascending thin limbs are composed of simple squamous epithelium that lack microvilli. The ascending thick limb are composed of simple cuboidal cells that lack microvilli.

33
Q

A mass of specialized epithelial cells that precedes that DCT

A

Macula Densa

34
Q

3 major function of the WHOLE nephron

A

Glomerular filtration

Tubular reabsorption

Tubular secretion

35
Q

In the loop of henle, nutrients go from _______ to ________.

In the PCT and DCT nutrients…

A

In the loop of henle, nutrients go from lumen to blood.

In the PCT and DCT nutrients are secreted from blood to lumen and reabsorbed from blood to lumen.

36
Q

_____ levels of ADH cause the distal tubules and collecting ducts to become impermiable to water.

______levels of ADH cause dital tubules and collecting duct to become highly permiable to water.

A

Low levels of ADH cause the distal tubules and collecting ducts to become impermiable to water.

High levels of ADH cause dital tubules and collecting duct to become highly permiable to water.

37
Q

______ is produced and secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

Renin is produced and secreted from the juxtaglomerular apparatus

DMD 5249 (7 decks)

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