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DMD 5249 > Liver/Pancreas Path- Bikman > Flashcards

Liver/Pancreas Path- Bikman Flashcards

1
Q

Inflammation of hepatocytes in liver

A

Hepatitis.

Can lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.

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2
Q

Causes of hepatitis

Pick Hep F Deficate Herpes
A

B

C

D

E

A

Causes of hepatitis

Pick Hep F Deficate Herpes
A- Picornavirus

B- Hepadnavirus

C- Flavivirus

D- Defective virus

E- Herpevirus

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3
Q

Acute hepatitis

A

Can be caused by NSAID use.

Disruption of lobular architecture, inflammatory cell presence, and apototic cells

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4
Q

Chronic Hepatitis

A

Mononuclear cell infiltration(tons of blue/purple cells ) and parenchyma inflammation(marshmellow looking) and ground glass hepatocytes

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5
Q

Two types of fattly liver

A

Alcoholic-classic type ~5 beers/day long term

Nonalcoholic- Diet related, most common liver disease in west

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6
Q

Both _______ and ___ ____ _______ lead to Cirrhosis, portal hypertension, jaundice

A

Both Hepatitis and Fattly Liver disease lead to Cirrhosis, portal hypertension, jaundice

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7
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Irreversible inflammatory disease disrupting liver fxn and structure.

Decreased hepatic fxn due to fibrosis

Channels become obstructed and cause portal hypertension

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8
Q

Portal hypertension

Prehepatic-

Intrahepatic-

Posthepatic-

A

Portal hypertension

Prehepatic- narrowing vessels preceding liver

Intrahepatic- Cirrhosis

Posthepatic- cardiac disorders(right heart)

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9
Q

4 Consequences of Portal Hypertension

Hepatic encephalopathy:

Varices:

Splenomegaly:

Ascites

A

Hepatic encephalopathy- CNS disturbances from toxin circulating in brain

Varices- distended veins(esophageal bleeding)

Splenomegaly- Platelet accumulation in spleen(thrombocytopenia)

Ascites: accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity & reduces hepatic albumin prodcution

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10
Q

A byproduct of RBC breakdown that is toxic known as unconjugated _______. Usually taken up by the liver and is conjugated by glucuronyl transferase. When conjugated, the product is excreted with bile in the small intestines.

A

A byproduct of RBC breakdown that is toxic known as unconjugated bilirubin . Usually taken up by the liver and is conjugated by glucuronyl transferase. When conjugated, the product is excreted with bile in the small intestines.

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11
Q

Disease caused by excess bilirubin production due to RBC destruction surpassing the livers ability to excrete it or a decrease in bilirubin excretion due to hepatitis/cirrhosis

Treatment: Treat cause

Blood transfusion

Sun

A

Jaundice.

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12
Q

The color of feces and urine is a way of determining the site of disfunction for Jaundice.

Light/clay feces & dark urine=

Normal feces& light urine=

Dark feces & dark urine=

A

The color of feces and urine is a way of determining the site of disfunction for Jaundice.

Light/clay feces & dark urine= Obstructive(bile duct)

Normal feces& light urine= Hepatocellular (damaged hepatocytes)

Dark feces & dark urine= Hemolytic jaundice

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13
Q

Albumin is _______in blood with liver problems while transaminases are _______

A

Albumin is reduced in blood with liver problems while transaminases are elevated

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14
Q

Hemochromatosis

A

Increased body iron resulting in cirrhosis, skin pigmentation, liver carcinoma.

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15
Q

Wilson Disease

A

Disease that causes increased body copper.

Results in liver disease, neurological disruption, KayserFleisher rings in cornea.

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16
Q

Hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Associated with Hep B&C. Aflatoxin exposure. Median survival 7 months

17
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gall stones. common

Risk factors: Female, fat, fertile, fair, forty

18
Q

Liver disease that is diet related

A

Nonalcoholic

19
Q

Diseases that can lead to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and jaundice

A

Hepatitis and Fatty Liver DIsease

20
Q

In Cirrhosis decreased hepatic function is due to

A

Fibrosis of tissue

21
Q

Biliary channels of liver can become obstructed in cirrhosis and cause

A

portal hypertension causing blood to be shunted away from the liver

22
Q

Portal hypertension caused by organs such as the spllen, stomach or intestines is considered ___-hepatic hypertension.

A

Portal hypertension caused by organs such as the spllen, stomach or intestines is considered Pre-hepatic hypertension.

23
Q

Problems with the heart are called ___-hepatic hypertension

A

Problems with the heart are called Post-hepatic hypertension

24
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Platelet accrual in spleen-Splenomegaly

25
Q

Pt has distended veins & esophageal bleeding. This is known as

A

Varices caused by portal hypertension

26
Q

Pt has large distended abomin caused by Increased hydrostatic pressure and reduced decreased oncotic pressure.

A

Ascites caused by portal hypertension

27
Q

Ascites

Altered presure leads to overflow into peritoneal cavity.

Hydrostatic pressure is _____________ and oncotic pressure _________

A

Ascites

Altered presure leads to overflow into peritoneal cavity.

Hydrostatic pressure is Increased and oncotic pressure decreased.

Hydrostatic hepatic vessel pressure increases due to increased fluid.

Oncotic pressure decreases as liver produces less albumin, leading to less proteins in the blood= low oncotic.

28
Q

icterus

A

yellowing of the eyes related to jaundice

29
Q

Light/clay colored feces and dark urine

A

obstructive jaundice of bile duct

30
Q

normal/light feces light urine

A

hepatocellular jaundice

31
Q

dark feces and dark urine

A

hemolytic jaundice

32
Q

cholestatsis

A

condition where bile cannot flow from liver to gut which can lead to xanthomas around eye

33
Q

Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Aspartate transaminase(AST)

A

transaminases used to test liver function. Albumin levels would also be tested and reduced if underlying probelm

34
Q

Pt has disease that can cause odd skin pigmentation

A

Hemochromatosis- increased body iron

35
Q

Pt has increased body copper and Kayser fleischer rings in the cornea

A

Wilson Disease

DMD 5249 (7 decks)

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