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Year 4 General Medicine > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

what is the definitive embryological origin of the kidneys

A

metanephros

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2
Q

which part of the kidney releases renin

A

granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

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3
Q

where is the majority of glucose reabsorbed in the kidney

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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4
Q

which parts of the kidney does eplerenone work on

A

Collecting duct

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5
Q

loop diuretics increase/decrease chance of calcium renal stones

A

increase because they cause calciuria

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6
Q

how can you divide causes of AKI

A

pre renal
renal
post renal

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7
Q

causes of pre renal AKI

A 
hypotension 
hypovolaemia 
heart failure 
sepsis 
haemorrhage 
dehydration
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8
Q

causes of renal AKI

A

glomerulonephritides
drugs
toxins

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9
Q

AKI stages

A
  2. 3.
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10
Q

AKI stages

A
  2. 3.
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11
Q

what drugs do you stop in AKI

A 
metformin 
NSAIDs 
ACEI 
ARBs 
diuretics 
trimethoprim 
gentamicin
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12
Q

nephrotoxic drugs

A 
metformin 
NSAIDs 
ACEI 
ARBs 
diuretics 
trimethoprim 
gentamicin 
CT contrast
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13
Q

nephrotoxic drugs

A 
metformin 
NSAIDs 
ACEI 
ARBs 
diuretics 
trimethoprim 
gentamicin 
CT contrast
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14
Q

cause of diffuse infiltrates on CXR after starting a new antihypertensive

A

renal artery stenosis
atherosclerosis
ACEI affect efferent arterioles causing a backflow of fluid and can cause a flash pulmonary oedema

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15
Q

which antibiotic is contraindicated in G6PD deficiency in UTI

A

nitrofurantoin is contraindicated

therefore use trimethoprim

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16
Q

difference between pre renal AKI and ATN

A

pre renal AKI - reduced perfusion but kidney is normal and still able to hold onto Na and so urinary Na is low
ATN - kidney is damaged and so is unable to do this and so has high urinary Na with brown sediment (necrosis)

17
Q

which glomerulonephritis causes nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

focal segmental disease

18
Q

epithelial crescents in the Bowmans capsule

A

rapidly progressive GN

  • GPA
  • EGPA
  • GPS
  • immune complexes: SLE
19
Q

imaging investigation of choice for pyelonephritis

A

ultrasound in 6 hours

20
Q

what is pyonephrosis

A

pus in the renal pelvis

21
Q

management of hydronephrosis

A

nephrostomy tube

22
Q

indications of renal replacement therapy

A 
AEIOU
acidosis 
electrolytes: K>7 
Intoxicants - BLAST 
- Barbituraites 
- Lithium 
Overload 
Uraemia
23
Q

management of hyperkalaemia

A

calcium gluconate to protect the heart

insulin to actually lower the K

24
Q

most common cause of CKD

A

DM

25
Q

what drug do you give someone with CKD who doesnt have DM or HTN

A

statins for primary prevention for heart disease in CKD

26
Q

haematuria and deafness?

A

Alports syndrome

X-linked dominant inheritance

Year 4 General Medicine (16 decks)

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