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Year 4 General Medicine > ABG and CXR > Flashcards

ABG and CXR Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 resp failure

A

hypoxia

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2
Q

Type 2 resp failure

A

hypoxia

hypercapnia

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3
Q

Met acidosis

A

acidic pH

low HCO3

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4
Q

resp acidosis acute

A

acidic pH
high CO2
normal HCO3

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5
Q

resp acidosis chronic

A

acidic pH
high CO2
high HCO3

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6
Q

order of looking at ABG

A
  1. pH
  2. CO2
  3. HCO3
  4. O2
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7
Q

pO2 for a patient on 60% O2

A

-10 from 60% for pO2

therefore should have pO2 of 50

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8
Q

typical ABG after cardiac arrest

A

mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis

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9
Q

BE of -9

A

lack a lot of base, meaning you are acidotic

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10
Q

BE +6

A

more base, meaning you are alkalotic

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11
Q

basics to CXR intro

A

name
date
AP vs PA

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12
Q

difference between AP and PA film for CXR

A

AP can make the heart appear larger

PA is normally used

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13
Q

ABCDE of CXR

A 
A - airway (trachea)
B - breathing (lungs)
C - circulation (heart)
D - diaphragm (under and CP angles)
E - everything else (bones and soft tissue)
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14
Q

features of pleural effusion

A

blunting of CP angle
meniscus
opacification

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15
Q

locations of masses in CXR

A

peripheral

hilar

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16
Q

round lesion with dark and lighter areas

A

air free level

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17
Q

hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy D.Dx

A

lymphoma
TB
sarcoidosis

18
Q

Heart failure / pulmonary oedema features on CXR

A

prominent hilar shadowing
fluffy appearance
cardiomegaly

19
Q

dextrocardia

A

cardiac apex is on the right side

gastric bubble is on the right side too - situs vertus

20
Q

primary ciliary dyskinesia

A

situs invertus

21
Q

causes of pneumoperitoneum

A

laparoscopy
bowel perforation
PUD perforation

22
Q

widespread rounded lesions / opacifications in both lung fields

A

lung metastases

RCC

23
Q

lung fissures on the right lung

A

horizontal and oblique

24
Q

RUL opacification D.Dx

A

infection - pneumonia

mass - causing collapse

25
Q

air bronchogram

A

black markings of trapped air

26
Q

free air in the skin / SC connective tissue space

A

surgical / SC emphysema

27
Q

pneumomediastinum

A

air around the heart and aortic knuckle

28
Q

upper lobe vessels should be visible on CXR, true or false

A

false

that is abnormal, sign of congestion

29
Q

rounded heart shape D.Dx

A

dilated cardiomyopathy
pericardial effusion
cardiac tamponade

30
Q

white out of hemithorax with mediastinal shift and tracheal deviation to affected side

A

pneumonectomy
empty space which becomes filled with fluid
unaffected lung hyperexpands and pushes away to affected side

31
Q

white out and lung collapse has tracheal deviation to/away from affected side

A

deviation towards the collapse

32
Q

white out and lung collapse has tracheal deviation to/away from affected side

A

deviation towards the collapse

33
Q

D.Dx of cavity in upper lobe / apex

A

tumour
abscess
TB

34
Q

D.Dx reticulo (lines) nodular (round) shadowing throughout the lungs

A

ILD

miliary TB

35
Q

what do the following indicate on a CXR
line
meniscus

A

line - fluid level

meniscus - effusion

36
Q

D.Dx for pneumomediastinum

A

oesophageal rupture

37
Q

causes of respiratory acidosis

A 
inadequate alveolar ventilation leading to CO2 retention:
asthma 
COPD 
pneumonia 
respiratory depression - opioids, BZD 
GBS 
mechanical ventilation
38
Q

causes of respiratory alkalosis

A 
excessive alveolar ventilation (hyperventilation) and blowing off CO2:
anxiety / panic attack 
pain 
hypoxia 
PE 
pneumothorax 
mechanical ventilation
39
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis with a raised anion gap

A

anything causing ^ acid production:
DKA
lactic acidosis
aspirin overdose

40
Q

causes of metabolic acidosis with a normal/decreased anion gap

A

decreased acid excretion ie retaining H+:
GI loss of HCO3 - diarrhoea, stoma
renal tubular acidosis
Addisons disease

41
Q

causes of metabolic alkalsosis

A

loss of H+ and increased HCO3:
GI loss of H+ - vomiting
renal loss of H+ - diuretics, HF, nephrotic syndrome, cirrhosis, Conns syndrome
milk alkali syndrome

42
Q

causes of mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis

A

cardiac arrest

multi organ failure

Year 4 General Medicine (16 decks)

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