Renal

Question 1

List the causes of metabolic Alkalosis.

Answer 1

GIT excess acid loss

• Vomit (and pyloric stenosis)
• NGT drainage
• Diarrhoea
• Ileostomy
• Dehydration

Renal excess acid loss

• Bartter syndrome
• Gitelman syndrome
• Diuretics (Loss of H+, K+, Cl-)

Overdose of base

• Antacid OD, Laxative, Milk-alkali syndrome
• Massive Hartmann’s transfusion
• Iatrogenic use of HCO3

Endocrine

• Cushing syndrome
• Steroid excess
• Hyperaldosteronism