Orthopaedics

Question 1

What are the risk factors for Achilles tendon rupture

Answer 1

1. Flouroquinolones antibiotics
2. Steroid injections
3. Episodic athletes

Question 2

What imaging options are available for achilles tendon rupture?

Answer 2

• Clinical diagnosis is more reliable.
  Options available are
  1. Ultrasound scan
  2. MRI

Question 3

What are the longterm complications of untreated / poorly treated Lisfranc injuries?

Answer 3

1. Non - union of the fracture dislocation
2. Collapse of the plantar arch & pes planus
3. Shortening of plantar arch & pes cavus
4. High risk of developing arthritis

Question 4

Give 3 X-ray features to decide manipulation of distal radius fracture?

Answer 4

1. Significant Displacement
2. Dorsal angulation i.e > 10 degrees
3. Impaction

Question 5

Indications for early plastic surgery in pretibial wound?

Answer 5

1. Massive haematoma
2. Complex skin and soft tissue flap
3. Complete degloving injury
4. Large area of skin loss.

Question 6

What is a Hill-sacks lesion?

What is a Bankart lesion?

Answer 6

• Hill - sacks is cortical depression in the posterior head of humerous.
• Bankart is the injury to anterior (inferior) glenoid labrum due to anterior shoulder shoulder dislocation.

Question 7

What are the complications of colle’s fracture?

Answer 7

• *MaSTER**
  1. Malunion
  2. Secondary osteoarthritis
  3. Traumatic carpal tunnel syndrome
  4. Extensor pollicis longus (EPL) rupture
  5. Reflex sympathetic dystrophy.

Question 8

How would you classify Salter harris fracture?

Answer 8

**SALTeR**
S - Seperation of the physis = Type 1
A - Above the physis = Type II
L - low (below) the epiphysis = Type III 
T - through all = Type IV 
R - Rammed (Crushed) = Type V

Question 9

What are the complications of supracondylar fracture?

Answer 9

1. Malunion
2. Volkmann’s contracture (due to occlusion/damage to brachial artery)
3. Ulnar, median or radial nerve damage
4. Compartment syndrome