Renal Flashcards
Where are the kidneys located?
Retroperitoneal abdomen
R = L1-L3
L = T12-L2
What surrounds the kidneys (outer to inner)
Visceral peritoneum Paranephric fat Renal fascia Perinephric fat Renal capsule
What back muscle is medial to kidneys?
Psoas major
What muscle is posterior to kidneys?
Quadratus lumborum
Normal size of kidney?
12cm long, 6cm wide
Blood supply to kidneys
Left and right renal branches from abdominal aorta
Venous kidney drainage
Left and right renal veins that drain into inferior vena cava that lies anterior to renal arteries and on RHS of abdominal aorta
The common iliac arteries are posterior to the common ilic veins. T/F
False
The vena cava is anterior to the abdominal aorta but the common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins
Lymph drainage of kidneys
lumbar lymph nodes
Lymph drainage from ureters
lumbar AND iliac nodes
Ureteric arterial supply
Branches from renal artery, abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac and vesicle artery (lots)
Types of AAA (to do with kidneys obvs)
Infra-renal = below renal arteries Supra-renal = affects above and below renal arteries
How do the different types of AAA lead to renal artery stenosis?
Infra-renal = atherosclerosis Supra-renal = occlusion of proximal renal artery
Name for problem of never growing a kidney
Agenesis
Where are the physiological sites of constriction for urine drainage?
Pelviuretric junction
Ureter crossing common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice into bladder
What forms renal calculi?
urine calcium salts
What is hydronephrosis?
urine back pressure leading to renal failure
Give a pelvic floor muscle
Levator Ani
Describe path of ureter in females
Passes underneath the uterine tube and artery
‘Water under the bridge’
What is the trigone
Area of bladder in triangle shape made up from
2x ureteric orifices and 1x internal urethras orifice
How does ureteric orifice anatomy prevent reflux?
Enters bladder in an inferiomedial direction
Has extra detrouser muscle fibres around that contract and close orifice when bladder contracts to prevent back flow
What sphincter do boys have that girls don’t?
internal urethral sphincter that is closed when ejaculating to prevent back flow of semen
Forms of catheterisation
Urethral or suprapubic
Name all the orifices/sphincters
internal urethral orifice
internal urethral sphincter (men only)
external urethral sphincter
external urethral orifice
