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GR Yr2 Anatomy > Renal > Flashcards

Renal Flashcards

1
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Retroperitoneal abdomen
R = L1-L3
L = T12-L2

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2
Q

What surrounds the kidneys (outer to inner)

A 
Visceral peritoneum
Paranephric fat
Renal fascia
Perinephric fat
Renal capsule
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3
Q

What back muscle is medial to kidneys?

A

Psoas major

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4
Q

What muscle is posterior to kidneys?

A

Quadratus lumborum

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5
Q

Normal size of kidney?

A

12cm long, 6cm wide

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6
Q

Blood supply to kidneys

A

Left and right renal branches from abdominal aorta

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7
Q

Venous kidney drainage

A

Left and right renal veins that drain into inferior vena cava that lies anterior to renal arteries and on RHS of abdominal aorta

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8
Q

The common iliac arteries are posterior to the common ilic veins. T/F

A

False

The vena cava is anterior to the abdominal aorta but the common iliac arteries are anterior to the common iliac veins

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9
Q

Lymph drainage of kidneys

A

lumbar lymph nodes

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10
Q

Lymph drainage from ureters

A

lumbar AND iliac nodes

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11
Q

Ureteric arterial supply

A

Branches from renal artery, abdominal aorta, common iliac, internal iliac and vesicle artery (lots)

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12
Q

Types of AAA (to do with kidneys obvs)

A 
Infra-renal = below renal arteries
Supra-renal = affects above and below renal arteries
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13
Q

How do the different types of AAA lead to renal artery stenosis?

A 
Infra-renal = atherosclerosis 
Supra-renal = occlusion of proximal renal artery
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14
Q

Name for problem of never growing a kidney

A

Agenesis

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15
Q

Where are the physiological sites of constriction for urine drainage?

A

Pelviuretric junction
Ureter crossing common iliac artery
Ureteric orifice into bladder

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16
Q

What forms renal calculi?

A

urine calcium salts

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17
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

urine back pressure leading to renal failure

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18
Q

Give a pelvic floor muscle

A

Levator Ani

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19
Q

Describe path of ureter in females

A

Passes underneath the uterine tube and artery

‘Water under the bridge’

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20
Q

What is the trigone

A

Area of bladder in triangle shape made up from

2x ureteric orifices and 1x internal urethras orifice

21
Q

How does ureteric orifice anatomy prevent reflux?

A

Enters bladder in an inferiomedial direction

Has extra detrouser muscle fibres around that contract and close orifice when bladder contracts to prevent back flow

22
Q

What sphincter do boys have that girls don’t?

A

internal urethral sphincter that is closed when ejaculating to prevent back flow of semen

23
Q

Forms of catheterisation

A

Urethral or suprapubic

24
Q

Name all the orifices/sphincters

A

internal urethral orifice
internal urethral sphincter (men only)
external urethral sphincter
external urethral orifice

25
Q

What divides the pelvis and the perineum?

A

Levator ani

26
Q

Function of corpus cavernosum

A

engorge with blood to make erection

27
Q

Function of corpus spongiosum

A

prevent urethra from pinching closed when erection (but does get engorged too)

28
Q

Where is the ejaculatory duct?

A

Part of vas deferent tube that has been through seminal vesicle and now in prostate

29
Q

What is the name of the sac the tests sit in within the scrotum?

A

Tunica vaginalis (has a visceral and parietal layer)

30
Q

What is a hydrocele?

A

Excess fluid between the two layers of tunica vaginalis

31
Q

Name of venous plexus draining testes?

A

Pampiniform venous plexus

32
Q

What does seminal vesicle make?

A

Fructose for sperm energy

33
Q

What does prostate make?

A

PSA for ensuring correct viscocity of semen

34
Q

What size should the prostate be?

A

Walnut sized

35
Q

Where does penis lymph drain to?

A

inguinal nodes

36
Q

Where does testicular lymph drain to?

A

Lumbar nodes

37
Q

What does somatic mean?

A

Body wall

38
Q

What does visceral/parasympathetic/sympathetic mean?

A

visceral

39
Q

What is the point of splanchnic nerves?

A

Used to get nerves to parts other than the body wall aka they’re for all the organs

40
Q

What level do renal sympathetics leave the chain?

A

T10-L2

41
Q

How do renal sympathetics get from chain to kidney

A

Leave chain at T10-L2
Use abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves then synapse at abdominal sympathetic ganglia at the abdominal aorta
Travel on the surface of arteries (periarticular plexus)
Then get to kidney

42
Q

What nerve carries kidney parasympathetics?

A

Vagus, CNX

43
Q

What nerve carries bladder parasympathetics?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (sacral spinal nerves) leaving spine at S2,3,4

44
Q

What parts of the renal system gets somatic motor fibres?

A

Perineum (body wall)

45
Q

What level does sensory info from kidney/ureters/bladder enter spinal cord?

A

Follows alongside sympathetic fibres then enter spinal cord at T11-L1

46
Q

What level does sensory info from urethra (remember it is a somatic organ) enter spinal cord?

A

S2,3,4

47
Q

What level does pain from testes enter spinal cord?

A

T10-T11

48
Q

What nerves tell brain the bladder is filling up?

A

Visceral afferents of S2,3,4

49
Q

What stimulates detrouser contraction and micturition?

A

Parasympathetic fibres of S2,3,4 via pelvic splanchnic nerves

GR Yr2 Anatomy (11 decks)

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