Ear and Nose Flashcards
Where is the organ of corti located?
On top of the basilar membrane of the cochlear duct
What is the name of the foramen that the nasopalatine nerve passes through?
Sphenopalatine foramen
What is the little nubbin on medial ear called?
Tragus
Name the paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinuses
Ethmoid air cells
Sphenoid sinuses
Maxillary sinuses
What is the function of the stapedius?
Stops stapes moving too much and protect inner ear from excessive noise
What connects the middle ear and mastoid antrum?
Aditus
What nerve innervates the top diagonal region of the nasal cavity?
V1 = ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve
More specifically the anterior ethmoidal nerve
What is the origin and course of the posterior and anterior ethmoidal arteries?
Branch from ophthalmic artery
Come in lateral to orbit before diving down through the cribriform plate area
What chamber does sound enter and exit cochlea?
Goes in and up via scala vestibule (like entering a house through vestibule)
Goes down and out via scala tympani
What are the parts of the temporal bone?
Squamous and petrous
What type of movement changes do the utricle and saccule detect
linear
What nerve innervates the bottoms diagonal region of the nasal cavity?
V2 = Maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve
More specifically the nasopalatine nerve
Name the semicircular canals
superior, lateral and posterior
What and how does the chorda tympani supply the mouth
Supplies taste to anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands
What are the bones of the nose?
Frontal, nasal, ethmoid bone (perpendicular plate), maxilla, vomer
What innervates the internal surface of tympanic membrane?
CNIX (glossopharyngeal)
What is the mastoid antrum?
Air space behind the middle ear
Describe the pathway for afferent CNI sensory
Receptor cells in olfactory epithelium then through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and synapse at olfactory bulb. Neurones travel via olfactory tract to temporal lobe of brain.
Where does CNIX supply?
Sensory innervation to: Internal TM, middle ear, eustachian tube, down into nasopharynx, oropharynx and tonsils
Hence throat pain can refer to ear and vice versa
What are macula
clusters of hair cells
What drains to the bulla of the middle meatus?
Middle ethmoidal air cells
What type of lymph does the membranous labyrinth contain?
Endolymph
What drains to the superior meatus?
Posterior ethmoidal air cells
Oval window v round window
Oval window first
What is the Kiesselbach’s area?
Site where arteries anastomose in nasal cavity
Located on the nasal septum
Function of nasal cavity
Filter, humidify and warms air
Olfactory epithelium allows sense of smell
What muscles are in the middle ear?
Stapedius
Tensor tympani
What drains to the semi lunar hiatus of the middle meatus?
Frontal sinus
Maxillary sinus
Anterior ethmoidal air cells
Where does CNVII come out of brain?
Pontomedullary junction
where does sound enter and exit the inner ear?
Oval window
Round window
What innervates the external surface of tympanic membrane?
Mostly V3 with some CNX
What is the path of CNVII?
Pontomedullary junction then internal acoustic meatus (in postural fossa) then out via stylomastoid foramen
What drains to the inferior meatus?
Nasolacrimal duct
What innervates the canal?
Little splashes of CNVII
Three quarters V3
Bottom and anterior quarter is CNX
What bones articulate at pterion?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
What is the most inwardly depressed part of the tympanic membrane called?
Umbo
What is the site where arteries anastomose in nasal cavity called
Kiesselbach’s area
What is the origin of the sphenopalatine artery?
Branch of the maxillary artery (which comes off of ECA)
Does perilymph or endolymph stimulate hair cells
Endolymph
What is the origin of the greater palatine artery?
Sphenopalatine and before that maxillary
What is the name for loss of smell?
Anosmia
What is the origin of the lateral nasal artery?
Facial artery
What type of lymph does the bony labyrinth contain?
Perilymph
Where are balance hair cells found?
In regions called maculae
Where is cochlea are high frequencies sensed?
At beginning/base
Remember because if have noise damage then lose high pitches first as they would be damaged from first contact with loud noise
What innervates the rim of the pina?
Spinal nerves C2, C3
What is the area called where four bones meet and what are the bones?
Pterion
Frontal + parietal + temporal + sphenoid
What are the 3 bones of the middle ear?
Malleus, incus and stapes
What is the mastoid antrum aditus?
Doorway into the mastoid antrum
Where does CNVII enter and exit skull on way out
internal acoustic meatus then stylomastoid foramen
What type of movement changes do the semicircular ducts detect
angular
Innervation to Tensor Tympani?
CNV3
Name some bony features of the petrous part of temporal bone
Zygomatic process
External acoustic meatus
Mastoid process
Styloid process
What is the outside ear called?
Pina
What arteries are important?
External carotid artery gives off maxillary and facial
Facial gives off superior labial artery which does lips and up into nose
What drains to the sphenoethmoidal recess?
sphenoid sinus
What is the lymphatic drainage around the ear?
Parotid, mastoid nodes then to superficial cervical nodes and then to thoracic duct (left) or right lymphatic duct
What are the three chambers of the chochlea called?
Scala vestibuli
Cochlear duct (scala media)
Scala tympani
Nerve supply to eustachian tube?
CNIX (think back of throat and tongue etc)
