Renal

Question 1

Answer 1

Hypercellular Glomeruli of Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

elevated titers of anti-streptococcal antibodies

low C3 concentration

Hypercellularity is result of Leukocyte infiltration and endothelial and mesangial proliferation

Question 2

Answer 2

Sickle Cell morphology, promoted by conditions associated w low oxygen levels. Sickled cells cannot pass through vasculature and cause vasoocclusive crises

Question 3

Answer 3

Renal Papillary necrosis:

form of nephropathy involving the necrosis of the renal papilla ( the areas where the openings of the collecting ducts enter the kidney and where urine flows into the ureters)

POSTCARDS: Pyelonephritis, Obstruction of Urogenital tract, Sickle Cell, Tuberculosis, Chronic Liver disease, Alcohol/Analgesics (Phenacetin), Renal transplant rejection, Diabetes, and Systemic vasculitis

Question 4

Answer 4

Henoch Schonlein Purpura:

Most common small vessel vasculitis in children, often preceded by a upper respiratory infection

IgA immune complex mediated

commonly presents as palpable skin lesions on buttocks

Question 5

Answer 5

Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease:

most common hereditary cause of renal failure in adults

Pts are born with multiple microscopic cysts in both kidneys that progessively enlarge over decades

hypertension, hematuria, prog. renal failure

risk of liver cysts and cerebral anyurisms

Question 6

Answer 6

Hyperplastic arteriosclerosis:

Concentric hyperplasia and layering of smooth muscle cells and collagen, resulting in intimal “onion skin” like thickening

Part of Hypertensive emergency

Question 7

Answer 7

Muddy brown casts:

Acute tubular necrosis

SLoughed and degenerated tubule cells

proximal tubule, and thick ascending limb is most susceptible

Question 8

Answer 8

Renal angiomyolipoma:

Associated with tuberous sclerosis; genetic condition that causes benign tumors to develop in various parts of the body

Most common benign tumor found in kidney

tumor composed of blood vessels, smooth muscles, and adipose tissue

Question 9

Answer 9

Kimmelstein-Wilson nodules

diagnostic for Nodular glomerular sclerosis:

glomerular basement membrane thickening and increased mesangial matrix deposition.

most commonly caused by Diabetic Nephropathy