Neuro Flashcards
Bilateral acoustic Schwannoma indicative of Neurofibromatosis 2. Mutation in NF2 gene on Chromasome 22
CN VII (Bell’s Palsy):
unilateral facial drooping
involving the forehead. LMN
Pts typically preseent with sudden onset of unilateral facial paralysis
Decreased tearing, hyperacusis, and loss of taste sensation from the anterior 2/3rds of the tounge.
Cafe-au-lait spots associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1
Lisch nodules associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1
Ceutaneous neurofibromas associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1
multiple raised fleshy tumors ( <2 cm) that often increase in size and number with age.
Benign nerve sheath neoplasms comprised predominantly of Schwann cells; derived from the nerual crest
Epidrual Hematoma:
Rupture of Middle meningeal artery, branch of Maxillaty
biconvex shaped hemorrhage that does not cross suture lines
patient experiences Lucid intervals
Subarachnoid hemorrhage:
Bleeding due to trauma or rupture of an anyeurism.
Patient complains of “Worst headache of my life”
Subdural Hematoma:
Rupture of Bridging veins
Crescent shaped hemorrhage that crosses suture lines
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage:
Most commonly caused by systemic hypertension.
Most often occur in Putamen of Basal ganglia (lenticulostriate)
Cystic degeneration of the Putamen:
common in wilson’s disease
Lesion at A:
Monocular vision loss
Lesion at B
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
Lesion at C
Contralateral Homonymous Hemianopia
Huntington Disease:
Atrophy of the Caudate
CAG repeat, Autosomal dominant, Anticipation
Sx: Cognitive and physical decline, aggression, violence, changes in personality
Red neurons:
12-24 hours after ischemic stroke
eosinophilic cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, loss of Nissl
substance
Renal Angiomyolipoma:
Result of Tuberous Sclerosis
TSC1/TSC2 mutation on Chromosome 16, Autosomal dominant, variable expression
Affected area
Spinal Muscular atrophy:
Congenital degenration of anterior horns of spinal cord. LMN lesions only, symmetric weakness. “Floppy baby” with marked hypotonia. Fasciculations. Autosomal recessive
SMA type 1: Werdnig-Hoffman disease
Associated lesion
Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis:
(Lou Gehrig’s)
Combined UPPER AND LOWER Motor neuron lesion
Fatal
Tx: Riluzole
Vitamin b12 deficiency
also resembles friedrich ataxia (involvement of Dorsal root ganglia)
Subacute combined degeneration
spinocerebellar, lateral corticospinal, dorsal columns
(+dorsal root ganglia in freidrichs)
