microbiology

Question 1

Answer 1

Erythema Infectiosum / Fifth disease caused by Parvovirus B19

Question 2

Answer 2

strawberry tounge associated with Scarlet fever and Kawasaki’s disease

Question 3

Answer 3

Erythema Chronicum Migrans: Large rash with Bullseye appearance. From Ixodes Tick associated with Borrelia and Lyme disease

Question 4

Answer 4

Giardia Lamblia:

Trophozoite form

Cause of Giardiasis: Bloating, flatulence, foul smelling diarrhea

transmitted by cysts in Water,

tx: Metronidazole

IgA protects against

Question 5

Answer 5

Giardia Lamblia:

Cyst form found in Stool

Assoc with Giardiasis.

IgA normally protects against Giardia, deficient individuals are susceptible.

Question 6

Answer 6

Nocardia:

Weakly (partially) Acid fast, Branching filamentous, Aerobic, Urease positive, Catalase positive

Tx: Sulfanomides (TMP-SMX)

Question 7

Answer 7

Babesiosis:

Babesia Microti, Ixodes Tick, Northeastern united States

Fevers, Fatigue, Myalgias, Headache, Flu-like symptoms

Intraerythrocytic, Pleomorphic ring forms, with occasional Maltese Cross (tetrad)

Question 8

Answer 8

Cryptococcus Neoformans:

Visualized on indian-ink staining (transparent capsule)

Dx: Lumbar puncture showing elevated opening pressure with low glucose & increased protein

Culture on Sabrouds Agar

Tx: Amphotericin B & Flucytosine

Question 9

Answer 9

Neisseria Gonnorhea:

Gram negative, intracellular, DIPLOCOCCUS with Polymorphonuclear Lymphocytes

2nd most common STD in US following Chlamydia (co-infection possible)

Tx: Ceftriaxone, Azithromycin

untreated progresses to prostatitis or epidydimitis in men, UTI in women

Question 10

Answer 10

Bacillary Angiomatosis:

Benign proliferation of Blood cells forming tumor-like masses on the skin and organs. (mistaken of Kaposi Sarcoma)

Caused by Bartonella Henslae (cat scratch/bite or ticks and fleas

Associated w HIV

Question 11

Answer 11

Entamoeba Hystolitica:

Anaerobic Protozoan,

Cyst in water with “Cartwheel” distribution with 4 nuclei

Tx: Metronidazole in the liver

Nitromidazle in the intestine

Question 12

Answer 12

Entamoeba Hystolytica Trophozoite form:

RBC inclusions and distinct nuclei

Amoebiasis

Sx: Bl;oody diarrhea, liver abscess, hypoechoic lesion in the liver

Flask shaped ulcers with overhanging edges.

Question 13

Answer 13

Sporotrichosis:

Rose gardeners Dz, Dimorphic fungus

Subcutaneous nodules/ ulcers ascending

up the lymphatics

TX: Potassium iodide, Itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole

tx diseeminated: Amp B

Question 14

Answer 14

Paracoccidioimycosis:

Cells covered in budding blastocondida, Dimorphic

“Captains wheel” formation

Latin America

Sx: Painful lesions on lips and on Oral mucosa, weight loss, fever cought

Tx: Sulfanomides, Itraconazole, Amp B

Question 15

Answer 15

C perfringens

Double zone of hemolysis

caused by lecithinase

Question 16

Answer 16

Clostridium difficile:

Yellow-green pseudomembrane

Toxin A (brush border enterotoxin)

Toxin B (disrupts cytoskeleton)

Tx: Oral Vancomycin, metronidazole

Question 17

Answer 17

Corynebacterium diphtheriae:

Gray pseudomembrane

pseudomembranous pharyngitis

(+) ELEK Test

Question 18

Answer 18

caseating granuloma

typical in TB

central area of necrosis

Question 19

Answer 19

Plasmodium vivax:

Schuffner stippling

Visible by light microscopy in blood smears,

appear as multiple brick-red dots.

Question 20

Answer 20

Gingivostomatitis:

(vescicles on the lips and hard palate,

fever, lymphadenopathy)

in HSV-1

transmission by Respiratory secretions, saliva

HSV also assoc w Keratoconjunctivitis, herpes labialis

Question 21

Answer 21

Ecthyma Gangrenosum:

Stongly associated w P. aeruginosa bacteremia

Perivascular invasion and release of tissue-destructive exotoxins, causing vascular destruction and insufficient blood flow