Renal

Question 1

Kidney sense hypoxia

Answer 1

Interstitial cells in peritubal caps secrete epo which stim rbc form in bone marrow, get increase o2 capacity

-epo sup inc harmonic kidney disease

Question 2

Calcidiol to calcitriol

Answer 2

Proximal convoluted tubule via 1 a hydroxylase

Question 3

Prostagladin

Answer 3

From paracrine cells, vasodilator afferent arterioles and increase filtration of blood

Renal protective

Question 4

NSAIDs

Answer 4

Block prostaglandins get constriction afferent arterioles and decrease and gfr in low blood flow get renal failure

Question 5

Dopamine

Answer 5

Proximal convoluted tube
Promotes natriuretic
Dilated arterioles
Increases glomerular filtration

At high doses vasoconstriction

Question 6

Coma, malaise nausea and stupendous state seizures

Answer 6

Low sodium

Question 7

Bradycardia, decreased DTN, hypotension with cardiac arrest, hypocalcemia

Answer 7

Increase mg

Question 8

Arrhythmias, muscle weakness, widened qrs, peaked t waves

Answer 8

Potassium high

Question 9

Twitching, tetany, seizures, prolonged qt

Answer 9

Low calcium

Question 10

Bone low, osteomalacia, rickets

Answer 10

Low phosphate

Question 11

Too much phosphate

Answer 11

Hypocalcemia, kidney stones

Question 12

Flattened u wave t wave, arrhythmias, muscle cramps, weak

Answer 12

Low k

Question 13

Kidney stones, abdominal pain, increased urinary frequency, anxiety, altered mental status

Answer 13

Elevated calcium

Question 14

Elevated calcium

Answer 14

Stones, bones, groans, thrones, psychiatric overtones

Question 15

Tetany, torsades, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

Answer 15

Magnesium low

Question 16

Uti presentation

Answer 16

Suprapubic pain

Dysuria

Increased urgency

Question 17

Who gets uti

Answer 17

Women, diabetes, indwelling catheter, intercoarse

Question 18

What causes uti

Answer 18

E. coli, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis-ammonia scent

-staph saphorphiticus

Question 19

UA UTI

Answer 19

Nitrites-gram negative orgamins

Leukocytes

Question 20

WBC UA but grow nothin in culture

Answer 20

Won’t grow gonorrhea of chlamydia so keep going

Question 21

Coca Cola urine, subepithelial humps, positice anti dnase b , high streptolysin O titer

Answer 21

Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 22

Streptolysin o titer

Answer 22

Group a strep-strep throat or impetigo

Question 23

May occur after URI, purpura butt and leg, Berger disease igA

Answer 23

Iga nephropathy-henosch purpura

Question 24

Defect in type IV collagen, cataracts, hematuria, high frequency hearing loss

Answer 24

Alport

Question 25

Granulomas in nasal passage, pulmonary infiltrates, hematureia, positive cANCA

Answer 25

Granulomatous with polyangitis Wagner lung and kidney

Question 26

Involves nasal passages, associated with asthma, positive pANCA, peripheral eosinophilia

Answer 26

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis

Question 27

Microscopic hematuria, pulmonary infiltrates, type II hypersensitivity, anti GBM antibodies

Answer 27

Good pasture

Question 28

Acute intestinal nephritis

Answer 28

Acute inflammation of interstitial of the kidneys Leads to edema of the kidneys, damaged tubules, and azotemia Urinalysis shows increased WBC no nitrates Urine smear-eosinophils

Question 29

What cause acute interstitial nephritis

Answer 29

Diuretics, penicillin, PPI, sulfa, rifampin, NSAIDS

Question 30

P

Answer 30

``` Pee(diuretics Pain fre (nsaids) Penicillins and cePhalosporins PPI Rifampin ```

Question 31

How

Answer 31

Enter basement membrane act as hapten to stimulate immune response

Question 32

Acute intestinal nephritis presentation

Answer 32

Asymptomatic, fever, rash, costovertebral tenderness, hematuria Key is UA

Question 33

Sulfonamide lop diuretics

Answer 33

Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide

Question 34

MOA sulfonamide loop diuretics

Answer 34

Inhibit NaK CL Ruin hypertonicity of medulla, make urine dilute, stimulate prostagladin E(dilate afferent) Increase urine output

Question 35

Who give

Answer 35

Cirrhosis, HF, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema, hypercalcemia

Question 36

Risk loop

Answer 36

Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypomagnesia, dehydration, metabolic alkalosis, nephritis, gout, allergy OH DANG

Question 37

Ethacrynic acid

Answer 37

Inhibit Na K Cl in TAL No sulfa Ototoxicity

Question 38

Loop earrings hurt your ears

Answer 38

Ok

Question 39

Thiazides

Answer 39

Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone Metolazone

Question 40

MOA thiazides

Answer 40

Salt not reabsorbed follows Decrease calcium excretion Use thiazides for HTN Idiopathic hypercalciuria Nephrogenic DI

Question 41

AE thiazide

Answer 41

Hypokalemia metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, sulfa Hyperglycemia, lipidemia, uric Emma, calcemia