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Dr In Train > Endo > Flashcards

Endo Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior pituitary

A

ADH (vasopressin)and oxytocin produced in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituiritary

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2
Q

ADH action

A

Decrease urine output by increaseing water reabsorption at collecting ducts
Vascular constriction-increased vascular resistance and increase BP

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3
Q

Oxytocin

A

Uterine contraction MILK EJECTION not production from sucking not milk production

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4
Q

Anterior pituitary

A

Store and release hormones and produce hormones

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5
Q

FSH

A

Pulsation GnRH stimulate

Women-grow mature follicles

Men-sertoli cell to mature sperm

Inhibit by inhibit

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6
Q

LH

A

Stim by pulsation release of GnRH from hypothalamus

Women-theca lutein cells for estrogen and progesterone production stimulate ovulation and maintain CL

Men-testosterone production, get negative feedback

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7
Q

ACTCH

A

CRH stimulate

Act on adrenal cortex to make cortisol

Inhibited by cortisol

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8
Q

TSH

A

Stim by TRH

Act on thyroid gland to make a Reduce thyroid hormone
Inhibit by somatostatin and T3 and T4

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9
Q

GH

A

Stim by GHRH

Promote growth cell reproduction and generation

Inhibit by somatostatin

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10
Q

Prolactin

A

TRH stimulate

Breast development

Inhibit ovulation

Stimulate milk production and secretion

Only pituitary hormone promptly controlled by its inhibitor WHIHC IS DOPAMINE

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11
Q

Cortex outer

A

Mesoderm

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12
Q

Medulla

A

NCC(ectoderm)
Make
Chromatin cells

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13
Q

Adrenal cortex layers

A

Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis

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14
Q

Glomerulosa

A

SALT
Mineralocortocoid aldosterone

Na retention

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15
Q

Fasciculata

A

Sugar

Cortisol-glucocorticoid regulate glucose metabolism

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16
Q

Reticularis

A

Sex

Androgens

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17
Q

Steroid hormone

A

Diffuse through plasma membrane

Bind intracellular receptors
—DNA binding transcription factors

18
Q

Chromatin

A

Produce catecholamines (E (Adrenalin)and NE

19
Q

Adrenal medulla most common tumor NOT MEDULLA

A

Pheochromocytoma

20
Q

Most common adrenal tumor

A

In medulla and adenoma, but if in cortex most common is pheochromocytoma)

21
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Most common tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults

Chromaffin cell tumor that produces catecholamines

Episodes of HA, sweat, HTN, tachycardia

22
Q

Medulla kid most common tumor

A

Adrenal neuroblastoma-DONT GET episodes of HTN that you see in adults, causes sustained HTN

23
Q

Fetal adrenal gland

A

Important for lung maturation

Need cortisol for type II pneumocytes

24
Q

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

AR

21 a hydroxylase defiency
Or
11b hydroxylase

Too much androgens less others

25
Q

21 a hydroxylase

A

Can’t make aldosterone or cortisol

Too much progesterone and 17 OH progesterone so go to androstenedione and testosterone

Pituitary make more ACTH to stimulate the adrenal garland, but will exacerbate the problem

Salt wasting hypotension from lack of aldosterone

26
Q

11B hydrozylase defiency

A

Can’t make aldosterone or cortisol

ACTH up

See DOC, deoxycorticosterone, so don’t get hypotension, HAVE HTN from sodium retention

27
Q

Why called congenital adrenal hyperplasia

A

Too little cortisol overall, pituitary try to stimulate by secreting ACTH whihc stimulates growth of the adrenal cortex

Hyperplasia or growth of adrenal gland

28
Q

Diabetes drugs

A

Biguanide-metformin

Sulfonylurea-glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Thiazolidinediones

GLP-1 agonists-exenatide, liraglutide, ambiguities, dulaglutide

DPP-4 inhibitors-sitagliptin, alogliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin

SGLT-2 inhibitors-dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin

29
Q

Metformin MOA

A

Biguanide

Decrease gluconeogenesis int he liver

Improves insulin sensitivity

30
Q

Side effects metformin

A

GI upset, lactic acidosis

31
Q

Sulfonylureas MOA

A

Increase insulin

32
Q

Side effect sulfonylureas

A

Hypoglycemia, weight gain

33
Q

Thiazolinideniones MOA

A

Increase sensitivity to insulin

Decrease gluconeogenesis I

Bind PPAR gamma receptors in adipose, liver, skeletal (regulat FA storage and glucose metabolism, to improve insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue)

34
Q

Side effect thiazolidendiones

A

Fluid retention

Weight gain

35
Q

MOA GLP-1 agonists

A

Increase glucose dependent insulin release

Decrease glucagon release

Promote delayed gastric emptying

36
Q

Side effects GLP-1 agonist

A

Nausea

Injection

37
Q

DPP-4 inhibitors

A

Increase glucose dependent insulin release

Less potent in GLP1 but use in older

38
Q

Side effect DPP4 inhibitos

A

Low side effects use old

39
Q

SGLT-2 inhibitor

A

Sodium glucose 2 inhibitors

More glucose lost in urine, less blood glucose

Lose weight

Rely on normal kidney function to work

40
Q

Side effects SGLT-2 inhibitos

A

Recurrent UTI from mycotic infections with SGLT-2 inhibitors bc of increased glucose in urine

Dehydration

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Dr In Train (6 decks)

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