Lung

Question 1

Breath out alveoli

Answer 1

Decrease radius of alveoli may collapse

Collapsing p=2xST/r

Question 2

Type 1 pneumocytes

Answer 2

Thin

Line the alveoli

Facilitate gas exchange

Question 3

Type 2

Answer 3

Secrete surfactant

-protect against collapse

Question 4

Where is surfactant made

Answer 4

Lamellar bodies

Question 5

What does surfactant do

Answer 5

Decrease surface tension

• prevents alveolar collapse
• decrease recoil
• increase compliance

Question 6

Composition surfactant

Answer 6

Many lecitihins

DPPC

Question 7

When get surfactant

Answer 7

20, mature at 35

Question 8

Alveolar macrophages

Answer 8

Eat and release cytokines and alveolar proteases

In pulmonary hemorrhage see hemosiderin laden macrophages

Question 9

Pulmonary hemorrhage

Answer 9

Hemosiderin laden macrophages

Question 10

FEV1

Answer 10

Forced exploratory volume in 1 sec

Question 11

FVC

Answer 11

Forced vital capacity

Volume of air that can be forcefully blown out after full inspiration

Question 12

Normal FEV1/FVC

Answer 12

4/5 about 80%

Can blow out 4 l in 1 s and 5 in total

Question 13

Obstructive

Answer 13

Emphysema and asthma

Total airvolumes larger, more air any any time

Air trapping-cant get rid of air,

FEV1 and FVC decrease
FVC more

Less than 80%

Question 14

Restrictive lung disease

Answer 14

Volume abnormal but lung volume decrease

Can’t fill lung very well, obese sarcoidosis
Can’t get s much air into lungFEV1/FVC over 80%

FEV1/fvc decrease but proportionally

Question 15

Absolute value of FEV1 and fvc

Answer 15

Both decrease but ration close to normal

Question 16

Hemoglobin

Answer 16

4 polypeptide 2a 2b

Question 17

2 forms hemoglobin

Answer 17

Oxygenated and deoxygenated

Question 18

Deoxygenation shift

Answer 18

Right shift

Question 19

23bpg

Answer 19

Stabilize hemoglobin in low oxygen state

Question 20

Fetal hemoglobin

Answer 20

2 gamma
Higher affinity for oxygen
Does not bind well to 2,3 BPH

Question 21

Myoglobin

Answer 21

Single poly peptide
1 heme
High affinity for oxygen
Only in muscle

Question 22

High blood levels of myoglobin

Answer 22

Muscle injury

Question 23

Alveolar gas equation
A-alveolar
A-gas in artery

Answer 23

PAo2=PIo2-PaCo2/R

PIo2-breathing in

R=.8

Question 24

A:a gradient

Answer 24

Alveolar oxygen/-arterial

Normally 10-15

Up-cant get from alveoli into blood
-shunting, VQ mismatch fibrosis

Question 25

DVT

Answer 25

Thrombus in deep veins

Question 26

Presentation DVT

Answer 26

Swollen red tender limb with :

Stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulabiltiy

Question 27

D dimer low

Answer 27

No risk dvt

Question 28

High d dimer

Answer 28

Does not rule out dvt

Sensitive not specific

Question 29

How confirm dvt

Answer 29

Lower extremity US

Question 30

Treat dvt

Answer 30

Unfractioned or LMW heparin 
Coumadinfaxtor xa meds
-apixaban
-dabigatran
-rivoroxiban

Question 31

Type 1 blockers histamine

Answer 31

Allergies motion sickness

Question 32

Type 2 histamine blockers

Answer 32

Acid secretion

Question 33

Histamine 1 blockers 1st gen

Answer 33

Benadryl -diphenhydramine

Dimenhydrinate

Chlorpheniramine

En…ine or ate

Question 34

What hits 1 gen do

Answer 34

Into bbb help motion sickness and allergies

Question 35

Overdose type 1

Answer 35

Antimuscarinic poisoning

Antiadrenergic poisoning

Question 36

2nd gen histamine blockers

Answer 36

Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, ceterizine

Lack of cns penetration don’t put to sleep except for cereterizine