Lung Flashcards

1
Q

Breath out alveoli

A

Decrease radius of alveoli may collapse

Collapsing p=2xST/r

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2
Q

Type 1 pneumocytes

A

Thin

Line the alveoli

Facilitate gas exchange

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3
Q

Type 2

A

Secrete surfactant

-protect against collapse

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4
Q

Where is surfactant made

A

Lamellar bodies

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5
Q

What does surfactant do

A

Decrease surface tension

  • prevents alveolar collapse
  • decrease recoil
  • increase compliance
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6
Q

Composition surfactant

A

Many lecitihins

DPPC

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7
Q

When get surfactant

A

20, mature at 35

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8
Q

Alveolar macrophages

A

Eat and release cytokines and alveolar proteases

In pulmonary hemorrhage see hemosiderin laden macrophages

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9
Q

Pulmonary hemorrhage

A

Hemosiderin laden macrophages

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10
Q

FEV1

A

Forced exploratory volume in 1 sec

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11
Q

FVC

A

Forced vital capacity

Volume of air that can be forcefully blown out after full inspiration

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12
Q

Normal FEV1/FVC

A

4/5 about 80%

Can blow out 4 l in 1 s and 5 in total

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13
Q

Obstructive

A

Emphysema and asthma

Total airvolumes larger, more air any any time

Air trapping-cant get rid of air,

FEV1 and FVC decrease
FVC more

Less than 80%

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14
Q

Restrictive lung disease

A

Volume abnormal but lung volume decrease

Can’t fill lung very well, obese sarcoidosis
Can’t get s much air into lungFEV1/FVC over 80%

FEV1/fvc decrease but proportionally

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15
Q

Absolute value of FEV1 and fvc

A

Both decrease but ration close to normal

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16
Q

Hemoglobin

A

4 polypeptide 2a 2b

17
Q

2 forms hemoglobin

A

Oxygenated and deoxygenated

18
Q

Deoxygenation shift

A

Right shift

19
Q

23bpg

A

Stabilize hemoglobin in low oxygen state

20
Q

Fetal hemoglobin

A

2 gamma
Higher affinity for oxygen
Does not bind well to 2,3 BPH

21
Q

Myoglobin

A

Single poly peptide
1 heme
High affinity for oxygen
Only in muscle

22
Q

High blood levels of myoglobin

A

Muscle injury

23
Q

Alveolar gas equation
A-alveolar
A-gas in artery

A

PAo2=PIo2-PaCo2/R

PIo2-breathing in

R=.8

24
Q

A:a gradient

A

Alveolar oxygen/-arterial

Normally 10-15

Up-cant get from alveoli into blood
-shunting, VQ mismatch fibrosis

25
DVT
Thrombus in deep veins
26
Presentation DVT
Swollen red tender limb with : | Stasis, endothelial injury, hypercoagulabiltiy
27
D dimer low
No risk dvt
28
High d dimer
Does not rule out dvt Sensitive not specific
29
How confirm dvt
Lower extremity US
30
Treat dvt
``` Unfractioned or LMW heparin Coumadinfaxtor xa meds -apixaban -dabigatran -rivoroxiban ```
31
Type 1 blockers histamine
Allergies motion sickness
32
Type 2 histamine blockers
Acid secretion
33
Histamine 1 blockers 1st gen
Benadryl -diphenhydramine Dimenhydrinate Chlorpheniramine En...ine or ate
34
What hits 1 gen do
Into bbb help motion sickness and allergies
35
Overdose type 1
Antimuscarinic poisoning Antiadrenergic poisoning
36
2nd gen histamine blockers
Loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, ceterizine Lack of cns penetration don’t put to sleep except for cereterizine