Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dr In Train > Msk > Flashcards

Msk Flashcards

1
Q

Bones shoulder

A

Scapula humerus clavicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acromion

A

Protrusion scapula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Muscles shoulder greater tubercle of humerus

A

Supraspiantus, infraspinatus, teres minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Subscapularis

A

Attach to lesser tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Deltoid

A

Abdutor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Supraspinatus

A

Abduction 15 degrees first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Subscapularis

A

Internal rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Infraspinatus

A

External rotate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Teres minor

A

External toration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Suprascapular

A

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Axillary

A

Teres minor deltoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Upper and lower subscapularis nerves

A

Subscapularis muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome

A

Pain with overhead activity

Athletes in overhead sports-swimming, volleyball, job painting stocking shelves,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Impingement syndrome path

A

When arm abducted over 90 degrees the greater tuberosity of humerus compresses the rotator cuff against the acromion causing pain and decreased motion in the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diagnose

A

Clinical

  • cross over test…cross arm pain in shoulder
  • never test passively raise arm forward
  • Hawkins Kennedy test floes shoulder 90 degrees and internally rotate

No radiograph, US can evaluate impingement bursitis ,MRI f no work could be tear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Treat

A

Rice, PT, corticosteroid injections into subacromial space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Thoracic outlet syndrome

A

OT-above 1st rib behind clavicle

Arteries nerves pass though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cause

A

Muscular abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Brachial plexus and subclavian pass between what

A

Anterior and middle scalene in thoracic outlet…scalene muscles can have attachments that narrow space OR fusion of anterior and middle scalene or numerous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cervical rib

A

1% women cervical rb can complex brachial plexus or subclavian
Higher risk of getting TOS after hyperextensive injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Injury TOS

A

1st rub fractures, clavicle, whip lash, repetitive overhead movement, pitching, swimming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms thoracici outlet syndrome

A

What is compressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Types of TOS

A

Neurogenic
arterial
Venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurogenic

A

Most common
Arm. Hand pain, numbness weakness

Aggravated by elevation or sustained use

Muscle atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Venous TOS

A

Swelling pain
Bluish color
Venous thrombosis ay develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Arterial TOS

A

Least common
Associated with cervical rb
Spontaneous symptoms hand ischemia
Thromboembolization in subclavian artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Diagnosis

A

Reproduce symptoms on exam with arm movements

Imaging

US initial duplex first test done
CT, MRI more anatomical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Treat TOS neurogenic

A

PT, surgical decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Treat venous

A

Anticoagulation

Surgical decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Treat arterial

A

Surgical embolectomy

Surgical decompression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Developmental dysplasia of hip

A

In utero displacement from acetabulum

At birth not formed completely ..interactions ith femoral head forms it

If dont get femoral headin disrupt hip joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Risk factors

A

First born

Breech presentation

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Presentation

A

Hip clicks or clunk from Barlow or ortolani maneuver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Barlow test

A

Flex hip 90 degrees internal rotate and press down or back

If feel or hear clunk or click +

Then external rotate and punch femoral head anterior to relocate doesn’t take a lot of force and clunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Ortolani

A

Then external rotate and punch femoral head anterior to relocate doesn’t take a lot of force and clunk

Clunk positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Appearance

A

Asymmetric skin folds and unequal leg length knees unequal height when flexedGALEAZi sign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

If diagnosis not made

A

Delayed walking abnormal gait

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Gait

A

Trendelenberg—opposite hip sag when weight on hip

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Diagnose

A

PE
Hip US
X rays not helpful not enough bone mineralization
Screening-if from breech, female, female neonates with family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Treat before 6 moths

A

Pavlik harness positions femoral head in proper place so it can develop correctly before 6 month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Treat after 6 months

A

Closed or open reduction and spica casting for 6 months to 2 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Diagnose after 8 years

A

Not attempted bc reduced benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Ankle sprain

A

Lateral most common frame xcessive inversion of plantarflexed foot

Medial from excessive eversion

Syndesmosis high ankle sprain from dorsiflexion/eversion and leads to chronic ankle instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Lateral ankle sprain ligaments

A

Anterior talofibrular ligament(anterior aspect of lateral malleolus to talus)

Calcaneofibular ligament(lateral malleolus to calcaneous)

Posterior talofinrular ligament (posterior side of lateral malleolus to posterior surface to talus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Medial ankle sprain

A

Deltoid ligament-strongest hard to hurt it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Syndesmosis sprain

A

Anterior tbiofibular ligament and posterioinferior tibiofibular ligament and transverse ligament or interosseous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Grade 1

A

Mild stretching of ligament, microscopic tears, no joint instability, bear weight, ambulated Manila pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Grade II

A

Incomplete tear of ligament

More pain/swelling

Ecchymosis

Mild/moderate joint instability

Decreased range of motion

Walking is painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Grade III

A

Complete tear of ligament

Severe pain/swelling

Ecchymosis

Unstable joint

Can’t walk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Diagnosis

A 
Clincial
Tenderness, swelling
Ecchymosis
Inversion eversion test
Anterior drawer test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

When get x ray

A

Ottawa Raul

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Ottawa rule who gets

A

Bone tenderness at the posterior edge of lateral or medial malleolus

Unable to bear weight
(Can’t walk 4 steps)

Anyone with bone tenderness at fifth metatarsal or navicular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Treatment

A

Rice, range of motion exercises, bracing/splints, surgery if severe instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Plantar fasciitis

A

First steps of day pain as walk improves sit down for breakfast but get up better then better with walking

Didn’t injure foot but walks a lot at work

Pain worse with dorsiflexion

Radiograph normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is plantar fasciitis

A

Thick pearly white originate at calcaneous insert at base of toe is the plantar aponeurosis inflamed and leadto plane

40-60 peak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Diagnose

A

Clincial

Heel pain worse with initiation of walking

First steps of the day, limp out of bed
Sit more pain with steps

Worsening throughout day

Point tenderness heel with dorsiflexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Imaging

A

Not necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

X ray

A

May see plantar fascia thickening

Fat abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

US plantar

A

Plantar fascia thickening

Hypoechogenecity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Treat plantar fasciitis

A

Weight loss, stretching, avoid flat shoes or walking barefoot, have padded arch support, even immediately after waking up , prefab silicone inserts, decrease physical activities, NSAIDS, inject glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Myasthenia gravis and lambert Eaton

A

Look similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Myasthenia gravis

A

Most common NMJ disorder

Thymus pathology
-50% have thymic hyperplas, 20% have atrophy, 15% thymoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome

A

Uncommon

Associated with small cell lung cancer -may be immune response to SSC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Clincial presentation myasthenia

A

Fluctuating uncle weakness
-ptosis
-diplopia bc extraocular muscle weakness
-Bilbao msucle weakness (chewing swallowing prob or slurred speech)
Neck muscle weak
-proximal arm shoulder
-respiratory weakness and maybe need for mechanical ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Clincial lambert Eaton’s

A 
Proximal limb weakness
Har walkinga
-hard raising arm
-autonomic dysfunction
—dry mouth, ED
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Myasthenia gravis cause

A

Antibodies post synaptic ach receptors in NMJ

Worse with muscle use**

Give edrophonium which give transient improvement with weakness (doesn’t work with lambert eaton)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Cause lambert eaton syndrome

A

Antibodies against presynaptic ca channels

Usually open , if prevent get decrease ach and muscle weakness

Weakness improves with muscle use***

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Treat

A

Long acting cholinesterase inhbiitors, plasmapheresis for myasthenia

Lambert eaton-treat lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Asprin

A

Permanently inhibit cyclooxygenase

Cox1 and 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

What do COX do

A

Convert arachidonic acid to endoperoxides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

What inhibits cyclooxygenase from converting aa to endoperoxidase

A

NASIDS< celecoxib, apap, asa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

How make arachidonic acid

A

Phospholipase a2 makes it from cell membrane phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

How stop phospholipase 2 from making aa

A

Glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

How does arachidonic acid become hydroperoxides

A

5-lipoxygenase

75
Q

How stop 5 lipoxygenase from making hydroperoxides

A

Zileuton

76
Q

What do endoeroxides become

A

PGI2, prostagladina, thromboxane a2

77
Q

Pgi2

A

Decrease platelet aggregation

Decrease vascular tone
Decrease uterine tone

78
Q

Prostagladin

A

Increase uterine tone (PGE2,2a)

Decrease vascular tone PGE1

79
Q

Thromboxane a2

A

Increase platelet aggregation and increase vascular tone

80
Q

What does hydroperoxides become

A

Leukotrienes

81
Q

What do leukotrienes do

A

Neutrophil chemotaxis (LBT4)

Increase bronchial tone (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4)

82
Q

How stop leukotriene

A

Zafirlukast, montelukast

83
Q

NSAID effect

A

Decrease platelet aggregation, decrease fever, analgesia, decrease inflammation

84
Q

Most ocommon use

A

Antiplatelet drug to prevent mi stroke

85
Q

Acute mi

A

Take an asprin

86
Q

Side effects asprin

A

Increase risk of bleeding

Increase risk of peptic ulcers

Hyperventilation (stimulate respiratory centers of brain)

High anion gap metabolic acidosis

Tinnitus

Interstitial nephritis

AKI

Reye syndrome -hepatoencephalopathy ..and hypoglycemia from impaired gluconeogenesis

87
Q

What pediatric disease give asprin

A

Kawasaki disease

88
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

Vasculitis in kids high fever, inflammation lips tongue and coronary artery aneurysm

89
Q

NSAIDS

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indometacin, diclofenac, asprin, ketorolac

90
Q

NSAID

A

Inhibit cyclooxygenase 1 and 2

Asprin permanent

NASIDS reversible

91
Q

Effect of nsaids

A

Decrease fever, decrease pain, decrease inflammation, decrease platelet aggregation

92
Q

Endomethacin

A

Can close PDA in new born

Inhibit prostagladins increase vascular tone in newborn increase vascular tone in PDA and close

93
Q

Side effects nsaids

A

AKI from increase vascular tone and reduced RBF

Acute interstitial nephritis

Gastric ulcers

Aplastic anemia

94
Q

Cox 2 inhibitors selective

A

Celecoxib

Meloxicam

Nabumetone

95
Q

Cox 2 enzyme

A

In inflammatory and endothelial cells

96
Q

Cox 1

A

Everywhere

97
Q

Cox 2 inhibitor benefit and bad

A

Decrease peptic ulcer disease

Increase risk fo thrombosis though so careful with heart disease

Sulfa drug allergies

98
Q

Rem and derm

A

Ok

99
Q

Epiphysis plate

A

End of long bone to allow bone to lengthen-signs of endochondral ossification

100
Q

Limbs achondroplasia

A

Proximal shorter than distal

Bowing tibia

101
Q

Life expectancy achondroplasia

A

Fine life span and fertility

Pass on AD

102
Q

One parent achondroplasia what chance pass, both have what is likely hood have

A

1/2

3/4. 1/5 hetero, 1/4 die bc homozygous

103
Q

Bone healing phase

A

Inflammatory-hematoma forms. Then osteoclasts resorb 1-2 mm of bone along the fracture edges (takes a few days why fracture lines show up better a week after fracture then right after) then fill in with granulation tissue. Then multipotent periosteal cells become osteoprogenitor cells

Reparative-new blood vessels form outside the bone. Cartilage forms across the fracture site from fibroblasts chondroblasts. Callus formation (endochondral ossification of cartilage)

Remodeling-callus becomes completely ossified. New bone is structurally remodeled by osteoclasts and osteoblasts

104
Q

Osteochondroma

A

Hamartoma of hte bone

105
Q

Where is osteoclastoma

A

Distal femur or proximal tibia

106
Q

Most tumors in the bone

A

Metastatic

107
Q

What cancers metasticize to the bone

A

Permanently relocated tumors that like bones

-prostate, renal cell cancer, testes, thyroid, lung, breast

108
Q

Lytic lesion

A

Renal cell carcinoma

Thyroid

109
Q

Blastic lesion

A

Prostate cancer

110
Q

Lytic of blastic

A

Breast cancer , lung cancer

111
Q

Clincial manifestation bone mass

A

Bone pain
Epidural spinal cord compression -pain, sensory and motor deficits and bladder and bowel dysfunction
Hypercalcemia(lytic)

112
Q

Where does new born formation take place in long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

113
Q

Osteosarcoma or osteomyeloma more common

A

Osteomyeloma

114
Q

Tb mutation

A

Osteosarcoma

115
Q

Hamartoma

A

Osteochondroma

116
Q

Anticholinesterase

A

Keep acetylcholine around

117
Q

Neostigmine

A

Myasthenia gravis

Reverse neuromuscular blockade
Post op urinary retention

118
Q

Pyrostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase

For Anticholinergic poisoning (atropine)

119
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Reverse neuromuscular blockade

Myasthenia gravis

120
Q

Rivastigmine

A

Alzheimer’s disease

Anticholinesterase

121
Q

How increase heart contractility

A

Catecholamines-exercise stress
Increase intracellular ca
Decrease extracellular na
Digoxin-increase intracellular ca and decrease intracellular ca

122
Q

Osteoblast to osteocytes

A

Osteocyte live in lacune and contact and communicate with each other by canaliculi

-osteoblast get suck and become osteocyte

123
Q

Osteoblast look like

A

Multinucleated giant cell

124
Q

Why get osteoporosis

A

More bone loss than bone gain

125
Q

DEXA

A

How much x ray absorbed when pass-absorb more

126
Q

Colles

A

Hand goes dorsally

127
Q

Treat osteoporosis

A

Stop smoking, stop steroids, increase weight bearing

Calcium and vit D
Bisphosphonates -inhibit osteoc

128
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

-dronate

Inhibit osteoclast allow osteoblast to catch up

129
Q

What use bisphosphonates for

A

Osteoporosis
Paget
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy-tumor make pthrp
Long term steroid use

130
Q

AE bisphosphonates

A

Erosive esophagitis

Osteopetrosis of the jaw -wont do jaw surgery unless of for a few months

131
Q

Conjugated estrogen for osteoporosis

A

WHI trial->hip fracture reduction
USPSTF recommends not using estrogen for the sole purpose for fracture reduction risk due to risk of other side effects (MI CVA)

132
Q

SERM (raloxifene)

A

Decreases vertebral fracture by 40% in women with osteoporosis, no effect on risk of non vertebral fracture risk, reduces risk of breast cancer

133
Q

Teriparatide (recombinant TPH analog that stimulates osteoblasts)

A

Decreases hip fracture rate by 53%. During of therapy not to exceed two years. Must use bisphosphate after stopping teriparatide to maintain bone mineral density.

134
Q

Denosumab

A

Rank-L inhibitor

135
Q

Paget disease symptoms

A

None

Big ass skull

Fractures

Increase osteosarcoma

136
Q

Renal tubules not absorbing phosphate

A

Type 1A pseudohypoparathyroidism (Albright hereditary osteodystrophy)

PTHn resistance at renal tubules and low serum a and high phosphate

137
Q

Reversible when VD replaced

A

Osteomalacia, rickets

138
Q

Joints

A

-3 to -5 mmHg negative pressure

It is a potential space like pleural and pericardial cavity that brings fluid into it

139
Q

Rupture biceps tendon /popeye lesion

A

Can tear at elbow or shoulder from lifting something heavy

See bruising and muscle bulge in middle part

Looks bad

If older and can function just rest

Youngster-surgery if effecting function

140
Q

Antibiotics increase tendon rupture

A

Fluoroquinolones -Achilles

141
Q

Empty can test

A

Abduct to 90 and flex thumb straight down try to push down as they resist if pain and weakness or both it is that injury

142
Q

Dislocated vs separated shoulder

A

Dislocated-head of humerous rotates out of glenoid cavity

Separation-clavicle separate from acromion and coracoid process of scapula

143
Q

Anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex artery
Supraspinatus tendon

Anterior glenohumoral ligaments separation glenoid labrum from articular surface of anterior glenoid neck-Bankart lesion

Posterolateral humeral head from forceful impact against anterior in of glenoid-hill sachs lesion
-see hill sacks lesion

Squared off shoulder
Resist abduction and internal rotation
Humeral head palpable anteriorly
Must texst axillary

144
Q

Test nerve damage in anterior shoulder dislocation-check before reduction and after

A

Sensationof deltiod region

145
Q

Reduction closed

A

Put back into place

146
Q

Open reduction

A

Put back into shoulder with surgery

147
Q

Most common type of hip dislocation

A

Posterior
Acetabulum slips out posteriorly

MVA where knee strikes dashboard with hip abducted

Medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery-from deep femoral artery give blood to femoral neck
Femoral vein
Sciatic nerve
Head of femur

148
Q

Posterior shoulder

A

Arm held addicted in internal rotation inability to actively or passively externally rotate or abduct arm, palpable posterior fullness, prominent coracoid process

From fall onoutstretched hand

Anterior flatness, unable to externally rotate or abduct the affectedarm

Humeral head medially rotated

Empty glenoid sign

149
Q

Imaging to diagnose ACL injury

A

mri

Lose clear line and hazy from hemarage and edema

150
Q

Ligemtns ankle

A
  1. ATF most common always tear first
  2. Calcaneofibular ligament

3 posterior talo fibular ligament

151
Q

Media ligaments

A

Deltoid ligament -hard to do it

152
Q

How treat ankle sprain

A

RICE

Rest, ice, compression, elevation

153
Q

Most common arthritis

A

Osteoarthritis

Wear and tear of articular cartilage

154
Q

Eburnation of bone

A

Bone hard and dense like ivory in osteoarthritis

See nobby hands

155
Q

Joints effects in osteoarthritis

A

Hands
Knee fingers
Spine hip

156
Q

Treat osteoarthritis

A

Acetaminophen
NSAIDS
COX2 inhibitor
Topical capsaicin cream
Intraarticular glucocorticoid injections .comopioids
Tramadol
Joint replacement-obese and cant walk, then

157
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Max 4 grams a day

Fewer side effects than NSAIDS

158
Q

Acetaminophen

A

NAPQ! Depletes glutathione

Floats around and reacts with hepatocytes ALT AST rise get liver failure and die

N acetylcysteine retreated glutathione

159
Q

N acetylcysteine

A

Acetaminophen overdose
Mucolytic in CF or incubated inhaled
Prevent contrast nephropathy -chronic kidney disease where need IV contrast and worry worsen renal failure give oral n acetylcysteine

Nephropathy

160
Q

NSAIDS for osteoarthritis

A 
Asprin
Diclofenac
Ibuprofen 
Naproxen 
Nabumetone
Meloxicam
Indomethacin
161
Q

COX2 inhibitors

A

Celecoxib

Meloxicam-inhibtis more cox2 than cox1

162
Q

Where is cox2

A

Inflammatory cells in vascular endothelium

Less peptic ulcer disease

Can still cause some PUD and gastritis

163
Q

COX1

A

Helps gastric mucosa

164
Q

If have PUD

A

Stop NSAID

165
Q

COX2

A

Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

Gout

166
Q

COX2 AE

A

Increase thrombosis

Sulfa

167
Q

Asprin

A

Antiplatelet at low

Analgesic and anti inflammatory at higher levels

168
Q

Asprin side effects

A

Gastric ulcer GI bleed
Tinnitus
Hyperventilation
Acute renal failure

169
Q

Joint hand RA

A

Swan neck

Boutonnière deformity

170
Q

Wrist RA

A

Radial deviation at the wrist with ulnar deviation of the digits

Deformity resulting in median nerve entrapment (carpal tunnel syndrome)

171
Q

Elbow RA

A

Flexion contracture

172
Q

Knee RA

A

Synovial hypertrophy with chronic effusion and ligamentous laxity

173
Q

Posterior knee RA

A

Synovial hypertrophy with chronic effusion and ligamentous laxity

174
Q

Ankle, forefoot, subtalar

A

Deformities,pain with ambulatory

175
Q

Upper cervical spine

A

Atlantoaxial subluxation

176
Q

Treat RA

A

Acute-NSAIDS, COX2 inhibtiors, steroids

Long-DMARDS, methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, TNF a inhibitors

177
Q

TNF a inhibitors

A 
Etanercept
Infliximab
Adalimumab
Golimumab
Certolizumab
178
Q

Swollen, hard, painful finger

A

Osteoarthritis

179
Q

Swollen boggy painful finger joints

A

RA

180
Q

Cartilage erosion with polished bone beneath

A

Osteoarthritis

181
Q

Ankylosis arthritis

A

Run in morning. Bc reduce stiffness

Conduction abnormalities-CVD in general

182
Q

Treat seronegative spondylitis

A

TNF a inhibits

183
Q

TNF

A

Cytokine that induces the immune system

184
Q

TNFa inhibitors

A

Bind to TNFa

Prevent activation of the immune system

Dr In Train (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions