Renal Flashcards
Renal failure definition
Creatinine >50% above the baseline
Symptoms due to ureamia in renal failure
Lethargy Confusion Convulsions Nausea and Vom Itching
Life threatening conditions caused by ureamia
Pericarditis and encephalopathy
Poor regulation of salt and water in renal failure leads to
oedema, hypertension and breathlessness
Cardiac symptoms of renal failure
Pericarditis, fluid overload, arrhythmias
GI symptoms of renal failure
nausea, vomiting, anorexia
CNS symptoms of renal failure
fatigue, weakness, confusion, seziures, coma
Investigations in renal failure
FBC Urine ECG Imaging - USS Biopsy
How to distinguish prerenal and renal causes
Pre-renal reduced perfusion - urine concentrated
Renal - salt and water loss due to problems with kidney
Pre renal causes of acute renal failure
Cardiogenic shock Septic shock Fluid loss - haemorrhage / dehydration Renal artery stenosis Nephrotoxic drugs
Renal causes of acute renal failure
Glomerular disease Acute tubular necrosis Ischaemia Vascuilitis Pyelonephritis
Postrenal causes of acute renal failure
Urinary tract obstruction
Rena vein thrombosis
ABG result in acute renal failure
Metabolic acidosis (with / without resp compensations)
ECG changes in acute renal failure
Peaked T waves, wide QRS, reduced P waves
CXR result in acute renal failure
overload in pulmonary oedema
Acute treatment of acute renal failure
ABC - TREAT SEPSIS Treat PO and hyperkalaemia Monitor - BP, pulse, CVP and urinary output Monitor fluids U&Es Stop nephrotoxic drugs Nutrition
C ommonest extra-renal manifestation of ADPKD are?
Liver cysts are the commonest extra-renal manifestation of ADPKD